Psychological and Presentational Realism in Moll Flanders by Daniel Def

Psychological and Presentational Realism in Moll Flanders by Daniel DefoeThe Eighteenth-century literature is popular for its peculiar port of writing that gives the readers an insiders view in the novel. By combining the two aspects such as Psychological and Presentational Realism, authors have created works of pure masterpiece such as Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe. Defoe illustrates Moll, the protagonists psyche by writing the narrative in the first person to imply it as an autobiography. This allows psychological realness to work at its finest since the readers can feel a personal relationship to the character. The two important instances that occur with this type of realism be when Moll realizes that she is married to her own brother and her meeting with Humphrey, her son. In addition, Defoe excessively uses Presentational Realism to describe Molls initial career as thief with her first episode at the apothecarys shop and later stealing a gold necklace from a child. The manne r in which the move is described gives the readers a sense of feeling of being there and at the same time experiencing her escape from the scene. Amongst Molls several relationships, she is married to a plantation owner, who owns property and has mother and a sister in America. The couple decides to move to Virginia to be with the family (Defoe 77). Molls describes that she lives in marital bliss and also enjoys the company of her mother-in-law. She exclaims I thought of myself the happiest creature alive until her world is shattered as she portrays herself being most uncomfortable in the world (78). As she is listen to the story of her mother-in-law being a transported felon to Virginia from Newgate prison in London and sudden... ...hough she may not have kept in touch with her son. She is overjoyed by meeting him, which gives the reader a sense of hope that the story will end on a positive note. On the other hand, presentational realism is shown through Molls darker side when she turns into a thief to support herself and live lavishly. Her description of her deeds and exact account of what she acquires amazes the readers. The reader can attach to her by being a thief and at the same time passing moral judgments upon her. Some may congratulate her on being slick down enough to steal from an apothecary shop while others may criticize her for robbing a little innocent child. Regardless of various opinions, Defoes narrative elbow room involves the reader in the story, which makes it interesting to read.Works CitedDefoe, Daniel. Moll Flanders. New York Signet Classic Penguin Books USA Inc, 1996.

Frankenstein: A Warning Against Masculine Individualistic Freedom Essa

Frankenstein A Warning Against Masculine Individualistic Freedom In this commentary, I wanted to examine a little win the implications of a point brought up in the presentation on bloody shame Shelleys Frankenstein. They briefly suggested that superordinate might occupy a space of high-mindedised male freedom given Victors less than ideal fate and Mary Shelleys Feminism, such a masculine idealisation becomes highly problematic. Victor holds a privileged hearty position that allows him a financial and companionable freedom through which he can choose his occupations at will. In choosing Science, Victors freedom to experiment holds potential benefit, some(prenominal) for him and for Others. However, Id suggest that its Victors overdetermined sense of individualistic ego that results in a misuse of his freedom and the destruction of his social sphere. Victors specific type of unfettered individualism results in the ultimate danger of individualism he shakes off the shackles of social responsibility both literally, in his retirement, and metaphorically, in his failure to acknowledge the possibility that his actions might befool some social impact. His ultimate and well-nigh dangerous freedom lies in that he is free to consider only his own ambition. In creating the monster, Victor is, in both of these senses, outside the range of society. sort of literally, he moves away from his family (and his social background) to an unfamiliar space he achieves an extra measure of freedom in his solitude in Ingolstadt. It is through this solitude that he is able to immerse himself in Science. Even as Victor leaves Geneva for Ingolstadt he believes himself totally unfitted for the company of strangers (38) nevertheless in Ingolstadt he becomes even to a greater extent secluded, relating ... ...108-110). Thus Lucifers vow in favour of the forces of evil is based on a loss of hope, fear and -- virtually importantly -- remorse Frankensteins Monster does surrender b oth hope and fear but his remorse is intense. Paradoxically, it is the Monster who is torn by the bitterest remorse (170) while Victor refuses it. In the end, Victors freedom to create in league with his believed freedom from social responsibility makes him not the ideal scientist but a destructive force towards himself, his creation, and his society. Perhaps, as critics bring on suggested, it is Victor who is the real monster in Mary Shelleys story. Works cited Milton, John. Paradise Lost. John Milton The Major Works. Ed. Stephen Orgel and Jonathan Goldberg. Oxford and New York Oxford University Press, 2003. 355-618. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Chatham Wordsworth Classics, 1999. Frankenstein A Warning Against Masculine Individualistic Freedom EssaFrankenstein A Warning Against Masculine Individualistic Freedom In this commentary, I wanted to examine a little further the implications of a point brought up in the presentation on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. They br iefly suggested that Victor might occupy a space of idealised masculine freedom given Victors less than ideal fate and Mary Shelleys Feminism, such a masculine idealisation becomes highly problematic. Victor holds a privileged social position that allows him a financial and social freedom through which he can choose his occupations at will. In choosing Science, Victors freedom to experiment holds potential benefit, both for him and for Others. However, Id suggest that its Victors overdetermined sense of individualistic Self that results in a misuse of his freedom and the destruction of his social sphere. Victors specific type of unfettered individualism results in the ultimate danger of individualism he shakes off the shackles of social responsibility both literally, in his solitude, and metaphorically, in his failure to acknowledge the possibility that his actions might have some social impact. His ultimate and most dangerous freedom lies in that he is free to consider only his own ambition. In creating the monster, Victor is, in both of these senses, outside the range of society. Quite literally, he moves away from his family (and his social background) to an unfamiliar space he achieves an extra measure of freedom in his solitude in Ingolstadt. It is through this solitude that he is able to immerse himself in Science. Even as Victor leaves Geneva for Ingolstadt he believes himself totally unfitted for the company of strangers (38) but in Ingolstadt he becomes even more secluded, relating ... ...108-110). Thus Lucifers vow in favour of the forces of evil is based on a loss of hope, fear and -- most importantly -- remorse Frankensteins Monster does abandon both hope and fear but his remorse is intense. Paradoxically, it is the Monster who is torn by the bitterest remorse (170) while Victor refuses it. In the end, Victors freedom to create in league with his believed freedom from social responsibility makes him not the ideal scientist but a destructive force towards himself, his creation, and his society. Perhaps, as critics have suggested, it is Victor who is the real monster in Mary Shelleys story. Works cited Milton, John. Paradise Lost. John Milton The Major Works. Ed. Stephen Orgel and Jonathan Goldberg. Oxford and New York Oxford University Press, 2003. 355-618. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Chatham Wordsworth Classics, 1999.

Essay --

The literary movement during the 1980s in Britain was heavily influenced by the state of Britains economy at the time. The people of Britain had become arouse with politics due to the election of Margaret Thatcher, the first and only woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to have held office. She was known as the Iron gentlewoman and the leader of the Conservative Party. Her influence on the British government with her use of Thatcherism did not leave behind a dependable legacy in the literary productions department. In a New York Times newspaper article, it is stated that, The Thatcher years were a time of remarkable ethnical ferment, in which the energies of an extraordinarily diverse axial motion of musicians, novelists, playwrights, critics and filmmakers to say nothing of television comedians and puppeteers were unleashed in opposition, glum and passionate, explicit and overt, to the prime minister herself,(nytimes.com). Many literary figures have written novels in re sponse to the events of the societys cultural downfall in the 1980s. In Doris Lessings, The estimable Terrorist, which is set in the time period of Thatcherism, she portrays her characters thoughts on bourgeois liberalism as contradictions to their personalities. The main character, Alice Mellings, assumes that she is committing these acts of terrorism for a good reason. Alice and her band of revolutionary rejects are the manifestations of Doris Lessings various frustrations against political advancements with feminism, communism, and Thatcherism. The political views and opinions that Doris Lessings character accumulate in The Good Terrorist are most likely fueled by Lessings real life experiences with communist parties and her unsatisfying life in the suburbs in Rho... ...ain. During the time of the 1980s in Britain, feminism, communism, and Thatcherism were big parts of the time period. These political advancements caused many literary responses to the downfall of the governmen t that Margaret Thatcher ruled at the time. Lessing was a feminist but was not a feminist at the same time. In an article on dnaindia.com, it is stated that, Lessing was able to do a great deal for women without subscribing to feminism she did it with her life, and with (not just within) her writing,(dnaindia). Unfortunately, not a lot of research has been done on The Good Terrorist, and it being a good fictional reference into the life of a group of squatters in 1980s Britain, Doris Lessing writes from her perspective on feminist criticism and explores her ideas, hoping to expand make headway into more of Lessings works and explore the meanings behind them.

Truman Capotes In Cold Blood :: In Cold Blood Essays

In the novel In Cold Blood written by Truman Capote, Nancy Clutter was murdered along other members of her family. This novel is based on the murders of this family. Nancy was the town darling, (Page 7, Capote) she was intelligent, talented, helpful with her family, and was truly devoted to her boy friend Bobby. Little did she know that her life was coming to an end. She was murdered with the town left in tears and her boyfriend left for questioning. Nancy was a student in high school who earned straight As and was awarded prom queen. She was the youngest female in the Clutter family and gave her family her all. She helped with cooking dinner and house cores daily. Nancy was the daughter that anyone wished to have.     Nancy had a boyfriend named Bobby who was in love with Nancy but only one thing was holding them both back. Mr. Clutter like Bobby and considered him, for a boy his age which was seventeen years old, most dependable and gentlemanly however, in the three years she had been permitted dates, Nancy, popular and fair as she was, had never gone with out anyone else, and while Mr. Clutter understood that it was the present nation adolescent custom to form couples, to go steady and stomach engagement rings, he disapproved, particularly since he had not long ago by accident surprised his daughter and the Rupp boy kissing. (Page 8, Capote) Nancy put into great precondition that her dad disapproved of her and Bobbys relationship. Nancy took Bobby seriously and loved him with all her heart. However, she considered breaking up with Bobby to please her father.      Nancy was the class president at her high school she was the girl that every other girl wanted to be. She often helped out with everyone and everything she could possibly do. She felt that it was her duty to help when other girls came to her for help with cooking, sewing,

Transformational and Transactional Leadership Essay -- Leadership Skil

Certainly, an army would not be able to battle in the war without a commander who in charges of the whole strategy. Correspondingly, any organisations cannot function without leaders. Leader is the most substantial element of successful organizations. Becoming outstanding leaders, leadership skill is vital in cast to drive the organizations forward. Several leadership principles are extensively used these days. Burns (1978) identified two types of leadership comprise of transactional and transformational leadership. Hence, leaders should be capable to assign which theory should be applied in accordance with organizations culture and objectives. This essay aims to evaluate the resemblances and the differences between transactional and transformational leadership as soundly as the feasibility to utilize a mixture of them by giving the definitions and examples followed by the supporting researches and studies.Initially, transactional and transformational leadership are different in terms of implementation and its outcomes. However, transformational leadership was developed from transactional leadership (Downton, 1973). low-pitched (1985) defined transactional leadership as an exchange activity that leaders execute to motivate subordinates in order to achieve their tasks by giving out reward or punishment correspond with their performance. Additionally, active and passive management by exception are taken into account when it comes to misconception and faults. Bass (1985) stated that transformational leadership emphasizes the value of subordinates, encourages them to perform extra effort, and assures their comprehension on organizations goals and objectives. Besides, idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulatio... ...) has shown that these two typologies work well in different frameworks, transformational leadership involves in procedural justice whereas distributive justice relies on transactional leadership. An association of both would maximize the level of trust on leaders.In conclusion, transactional and transformational leadership can be merged or used individually depending on various circumstances. However, they are partially correlated. In order to fall upon the best use and get the desirable results out of these principles, leaders should attain a deep understanding of each theory as they are discordant in conducting. Moreover, an appropriate balance should be considered if leaders aim to integrate them together. In my point of view, either stand alone or combination employ would benefit to any organizations if the application of leaders was taken in proper situations.

Transformational and Transactional Leadership Essay -- Leadership Skil

Certainly, an army would not be able to battle in the war with verboten a commander who in charges of the whole strategy. Correspondingly, both organisations cannot function without leaders. Leader is the most substantial element of successful organizations. Becoming outstanding leaders, leaders skill is vital in order to drive the organizations forward. several(prenominal) leading principles are extensively enforced these days. Burns (1978) identified two types of leadership comprise of transactional and transformational leadership. Hence, leaders should be capable to indicate which theory should be applied in accordance with organizations culture and objectives. This essay aims to evaluate the resemblances and the differences between transactional and transformational leadership as well as the feasibility to engage a mixture of them by giving the definitions and examples followed by the supporting researches and studies.Initially, transactional and transformational leadership are opposite in terms of implementation and its outcomes. However, transformational leadership was developed from transactional leadership (Downton, 1973). Bass (1985) defined transactional leadership as an exchange activity that leaders execute to motivate subordinates in order to achieve their tasks by giving out reward or punishment correspond with their performance. Additionally, active and passive management by exception are taken into account when it comes to misconception and faults. Bass (1985) stated that transformational leadership emphasizes the value of subordinates, encourages them to perform extra effort, and assures their comprehension on organizations goals and objectives. Besides, idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulatio... ...) has shown that these two typologies work well in different frameworks, transformational leadership involves in procedural justice whereas distributive justice relies on transactional leadership. An associatio n of both would maximize the level of trust on leaders.In conclusion, transactional and transformational leadership can be merged or used individually depending on various circumstances. However, they are partially correlated. In order to make the best use and get the desirable results out of these principles, leaders should attain a deep understanding of each theory as they are dissimilar in conducting. Moreover, an inhibit balance should be considered if leaders aim to integrate them together. In my point of view, either stand alone or combination usage would benefit to any(prenominal) organizations if the application of leaders was taken in proper situations.

Serious Case Reviews in Childcare Sector

Unit 25Understand how to Safeguard the Wellbeing of Children and Young People Outcome 1. 4 develop when and why inquiries and serious causa retreads are demandd and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious bailiwick Reviews (SCRs) are undertaken when a child dies (including death by hazard suicide), by a local endorsement (and more often than not by the Local Childrens Safeguarding Board) if abuse or neglect is kn protest or suspected to be a part in the death.SCRs are not enquiries into how a child died or who was responsible that is a matter for the Coroners and Criminal Courts to determine. rather the purpose of Serious Case Reviews is to Establish whether there are lessons to be knowledgeable from the look nigh the port in which local professionals and organisations acetify unneurotic to safeguard and promote the upbeat of children. Identify clearly what those lessons are, how they will be acted on and what is expected to change as a result. Im prove inter-agency cut backing and break up safeguard and promote the wellbeing of children.Additionally, LSCBs may decide to conduct a SCR whenever a child has been seriously harmed in any of the following situations and the illustration gives rise to concerns ab forth the way in which local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children (including inter-agency and inter-disciplinary working). The two most popular deaths in young old age to be highlighted by the media which highlighted public concern about safeguarding concerns inside the children are undoubtedly the deaths of Victoria Climbie and Peter Connelly (Baby P).In both of these outcomes there was public outrage, curiously at the magnitude of Peters injuries, and part because Peter had lived in the London Borough of Haringey, North London, under the same child care authorities that had already failed ten years earlier in the case of Victoria Climbie. Her tragic circumst ances had led to a public enquiry which resulted in measures being put in carry in an effort to retain similar cases happening. The child aegis services of Haringey and other agencies were widely criticised following Baby Ps death.Following the conviction, three inquiries and a nationwide review of favorable service care were launched, and the Head of Childrens Services at Haringey removed from post. Another nationwide review was conducted by lord Laming into his own recommendations concerning Victoria Climbies killing in 2000. The death was also the subject of debate in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The publics viewpoint on the tragedy of Baby P was that it should never have happened as he was already known to tender services and was seen as many as sixty times by social services, but still died horrifically at the hands of his carers.All of these incidents have resulted in a distinct lack of confidence in the work that social workers do and the childrens secto r overall, and it will take a long time to rebuild that trust. The Baby P case in event has damaged social works public image, led to fewer people entering the profession and made it harder to retain experienced staff. It is certainly the case that social work has a rather poor public image and that it seemingly can do no right whatever it does.At times, the profession is castigated for position children at risk by failing to intervene early enough into family life, whilst on other occasions it is criticised for undermining parental authority by interfering in any case readily. Partnership working increase and tightened after the death of Victoria Climbie and include the implementation of the Children Act 2004 and the public enquiry into the circumstances surrounding her death. The inquiry, chaired by Lord Laming, found massive failings on the part of as many as twelve agencies with a role to play in protecting children.The findings led to recommendations for a radical reform of services, oddly in the areas of better joined up working and information sharing. Following this, several programmes and frameworks were later implemented into all establishments that worked with children, and these included Every Child Matters services, think around childrens and young peoples involves and the improvement of the five key outcomes which contribute to their well-being be healthy, stay safe, enjoy & achieve, have got a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being.There was also the implementation of the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) system which enables multi agencies to accession and add information about a childs needs. The CAF is used at the earliest opportunity when it is highlighted that a baby, child or young mortal may need armed service in their lives in order to progress. It is used when there is concern about a child, or agencies have recognised a child has additional needs, that require further exploration and a multi-agency response.Th e assessment provides further information and understanding of the childs circumstances. Another more lately publicised incident, included the review into itty-bitty Teds nursery whereby a member of staff, Vanessa George abused toddlers at the nursery, photographed it and publicised it on the internet, showed a lack of staff supervision and training within the setting, which again caused public outrage.The serious case review for this incident report detailed a number of lessons learned, which included the hazard of mobile phones within sidereal daylight care settings. As a result locally the use of mobile phones is now prohibited in any childrens centre within the Wakefield district, as yet it is recognised that this alone will not prevent abuse or transmission of images on the internet from taking place.Other lessons learned is that staff at Little Teds Nursery did not recognise the escalation of Georges sexualised behaviour as a warning sign and there is an pressing need for staff working in early years settings to receive training to help recognise potential signs of abuse and become confident in responding to a fellow staff members behaviour. As a result, training on whistle blowing and the need for policies and procedures to be in place has become a more urgent need in the child care sector.Other recommendations set out by the Little Teds SCR include the need for The Early Years Foundation Stage to set out specific requirements for child protection training which go throughs sexual abuse and the recognition of abuse within the workplace also the need for the Government to review and consider changing the status of day care settings operating as unincorporated bodies to ensure that governance and accountability arrangements are fit for purpose and are sufficiently clear to enable parents and professionals to turn on concerns and challenge poor practice.Serious Case Reviews in Childcare SectorUnit 25Understand how to Safeguard the Wellbeing of Child ren and Young People Outcome 1. 4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the findings informs practice. Serious Case Reviews (SCRs) are undertaken when a child dies (including death by suspected suicide), by a local authority (and more often than not by the Local Childrens Safeguarding Board) if abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death.SCRs are not enquiries into how a child died or who was responsible that is a matter for the Coroners and Criminal Courts to determine. Instead the purpose of Serious Case Reviews is to Establish whether there are lessons to be learned from the case about the way in which local professionals and organisations work together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Identify clearly what those lessons are, how they will be acted on and what is expected to change as a result. Improve inter-agency working and better safeguard and promote the welfare of children.Addit ionally, LSCBs may decide to conduct a SCR whenever a child has been seriously harmed in any of the following situations and the case gives rise to concerns about the way in which local professionals and services worked together to safeguard and promote the welfare of children (including inter-agency and inter-disciplinary working). The two most popular deaths in recent years to be highlighted by the media which highlighted public concern about safeguarding concerns within the children are undoubtedly the deaths of Victoria Climbie and Peter Connelly (Baby P).In both of these cases there was public outrage, especially at the magnitude of Peters injuries, and partly because Peter had lived in the London Borough of Haringey, North London, under the same child care authorities that had already failed ten years earlier in the case of Victoria Climbie. Her tragic circumstances had led to a public enquiry which resulted in measures being put in place in an effort to prevent similar cases happening. The child protection services of Haringey and other agencies were widely criticised following Baby Ps death.Following the conviction, three inquiries and a nationwide review of social service care were launched, and the Head of Childrens Services at Haringey removed from post. Another nationwide review was conducted by Lord Laming into his own recommendations concerning Victoria Climbies killing in 2000. The death was also the subject of debate in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The publics viewpoint on the tragedy of Baby P was that it should never have happened as he was already known to social services and was seen as many as sixty times by social services, but still died horrifically at the hands of his carers.All of these incidents have resulted in a distinct lack of confidence in the work that social workers do and the childrens sector overall, and it will take a long time to rebuild that trust. The Baby P case in particular has damaged social works publ ic image, led to fewer people entering the profession and made it harder to retain experienced staff. It is certainly the case that social work has a rather poor public image and that it seemingly can do no right whatever it does.At times, the profession is castigated for putting children at risk by failing to intervene early enough into family life, whilst on other occasions it is criticised for undermining parental authority by interfering too readily. Partnership working increased and tightened after the death of Victoria Climbie and included the implementation of the Children Act 2004 and the public enquiry into the circumstances surrounding her death. The inquiry, chaired by Lord Laming, found massive failings on the part of as many as twelve agencies with a role to play in protecting children.The findings led to recommendations for a radical reform of services, particularly in the areas of better joined up working and information sharing. Following this, several programmes and frameworks were later implemented into all establishments that worked with children, and these included Every Child Matters services, planned around childrens and young peoples needs and the improvement of the five key outcomes which contribute to their well-being be healthy, stay safe, enjoy & achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being.There was also the implementation of the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) system which enables multi agencies to access and add information about a childs needs. The CAF is used at the earliest opportunity when it is highlighted that a baby, child or young person may need help in their lives in order to progress. It is used when there is concern about a child, or agencies have recognised a child has additional needs, that require further exploration and a multi-agency response.The assessment provides further information and understanding of the childs circumstances. Another more recently publicised incident, included the review into Little Teds nursery whereby a member of staff, Vanessa George abused toddlers at the nursery, photographed it and publicised it on the internet, showed a lack of staff supervision and training within the setting, which again caused public outrage.The serious case review for this incident report detailed a number of lessons learned, which included the danger of mobile phones within day care settings. As a result locally the use of mobile phones is now prohibited in any childrens centre within the Wakefield district, however it is recognised that this alone will not prevent abuse or transmission of images on the internet from taking place.Other lessons learned is that staff at Little Teds Nursery did not recognise the escalation of Georges sexualised behaviour as a warning sign and there is an urgent need for staff working in early years settings to receive training to help recognise potential signs of abuse and become confident in responding to a fellow staff members beha viour. As a result, training on whistle blowing and the need for policies and procedures to be in place has become a more urgent need in the childcare sector.Other recommendations set out by the Little Teds SCR include the need for The Early Years Foundation Stage to set out specific requirements for child protection training which considers sexual abuse and the recognition of abuse within the workplace also the need for the Government to review and consider changing the status of day care settings operating as unincorporated bodies to ensure that governance and accountability arrangements are fit for purpose and are sufficiently clear to enable parents and professionals to raise concerns and challenge poor practice.

Joseph Stalin

Spiritual Seminary, which trained him to be a priest. While he was there, he s secretly became infatuated with reading the work of Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto. Josef enliven steadily increased, and in 1 899 he claimed he was expelled from the Seminary for Mar equal Propaganda. After Stalin left the school, he joined the militant Bolshevik wing of the Marxism t Social Democratic movement, which was led by Vladimir Lenin. Stalin became an UN detergent political extremist who took part in strikes, propaganda distrisolelyion, bank heists, and ordered assassinations.He was arrested multiple times and was ultimately ex lied to, and imprisoned in, Siberia. He escaped often times, and was moved up in the rank s of the Bolsheviks. Josef married his first of all wife, Catering Spavined, in 1906. She died of typhus fever in 1907, shortly after their son, Yak, was born. Yak died in 1943 as a prisoner of G errand In World War II. Stalins second wife, Endeared Alluvial, was a female child of anon there Russian Revolutionary with whom he had several children. This conjugation did not last Eng though, ad Endeared committed suicide a few days juveniler.In 1 912 Vladimir Lenin, who was exiled in Switzerland, appointed Stalin to seer eve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. The Bolsheviks seized Russ IA in 1917 and was made the Soviet Union in 1922. Lenin was the first leader of the Soviets, a ND by this point Stalin became depositary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with which he gained political support. In 1924, Lenin died and Stalin win a power struggle against Nikolas Buchanan, Level Kinsmen, Alexei Rooky, Mikhail Tomboy, Leon Trotsky, a ND Gregory Genevieve.By the late 1 sass, Stalin was in control of the Communist Party and was the dictator of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union underwent several longtime plans launched by Stalin to tar misinform it from a overstocking country to an industrial giant. He insisted on a go vern interconnected miserliness and on the government taking control farms. Citizens who refuse d to keep up with Josephs orders were brutally murdered or exiled. Millions of people died of FAA mine because of the agriculture control. Stalin ruled by striking terror in citizens and possible opponents.He set up a s secret police and encouraged citizens to spy on one other in order to eliminate an Y possible uprising or opposition. Millions Of people were forced into labor or killed if Joss pep considered them a threat. Joseph essentially reinforced a cult around himself by renaming cite s in his honor, having textbooks rewritten to promote him, and tying himself into the Soviets culture. In 1 939, Joseph Stalin and Doll Hitler signed a nonaggression pact. Stalin the annexed some(prenominal) countries, including Poland, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania.Stalin was warned by America, Britain, and the KGB about a possible break of the Insensitive pact, but chose to ign ore the advice. In 1 941, the Nazis invaded the USSR and approached the capital, Moscow. Stalin ordered any supplies that could be beneficial to the e enemy to be destroyed. In 1 942, the Soviet Army get the better of the Germans at the Battle Of SST Leningrad and drove them out of Russia. After this, Stalin took part in conferences with the A Lies. Although Stalin was a loyal ally in WI, he did not forswear the idea of a Com monist empire.Joseph StalinSpiritual Seminary, which trained him to be a priest. While he was there, he s secretly became infatuated with reading the work of Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto. Josef interest steadily increased, and in 1 899 he claimed he was expelled from the Seminary for Mar exist Propaganda. After Stalin left the school, he joined the militant Bolshevik wing of the Marxism t Social Democratic movement, which was led by Vladimir Lenin. Stalin became an UN detergent political revolutionary who took part in strikes, propaganda distribution, bank heists, and ordered assassinations.He was arrested multiple times and was ultimately ex lied to, and imprisoned in, Siberia. He escaped often times, and was moved up in the rank s of the Bolsheviks. Josef married his first wife, Catering Spavined, in 1906. She died of typhus in 1907, shortly after their son, Yak, was born. Yak died in 1943 as a prisoner of G errand In World War II. Stalins second wife, Endeared Alluvial, was a daughter of anon there Russian Revolutionary with whom he had several children. This marriage did not last Eng though, ad Endeared committed suicide a few years later.In 1 912 Vladimir Lenin, who was exiled in Switzerland, appointed Stalin to seer eve on the first Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party. The Bolsheviks seized Russ IA in 1917 and was made the Soviet Union in 1922. Lenin was the first leader of the Soviets, a ND by this point Stalin became secretary general of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with which he gained political support . In 1924, Lenin died and Stalin won a power struggle against Nikolas Buchanan, Level Kinsmen, Alexei Rooky, Mikhail Tomboy, Leon Trotsky, a ND Gregory Genevieve.By the late 1 sass, Stalin was in control of the Communist Party and was the dictator of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union underwent several longtime plans launched by Stalin to tar misinform it from a overstocking country to an industrial giant. He insisted on a govern interconnected economy and on the government taking control farms. Citizens who refuse d to comply with Josephs orders were brutally murdered or exiled. Millions of people died of FAA mine because of the agriculture control. Stalin ruled by striking terror in citizens and possible opponents.He set up a s secret police and encouraged citizens to spy on one another in order to eliminate an Y possible uprising or opposition. Millions Of people were forced into labor or killed if Joss pep considered them a threat. Joseph essentially built a cult around himself by renaming cite s in his honor, having textbooks rewritten to promote him, and tying himself into the Soviets culture. In 1 939, Joseph Stalin and Doll Hitler signed a nonaggression pact. Stalin the annexed many countries, including Poland, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania.Stalin was warned by America, Britain, and the KGB about a possible break of the Insensitive pact, but chose to ignore the advice. In 1 941, the Nazis invaded the USSR and approached the capital, Moscow. Stalin ordered any supplies that could be beneficial to the e enemy to be destroyed. In 1 942, the Soviet Army defeated the Germans at the Battle Of SST Leningrad and drove them out of Russia. After this, Stalin took part in conferences with the A Lies. Although Stalin was a loyal ally in WI, he did not abandon the idea of a Com monist empire.

Anatomy and Physiology

Exam refresh, Units 1-4 1. The sm completelyest social organisations that biologists consider being alive ar A. organisms. B. organs. C. macromolecules. D. booths. E. organelles. revue levels of organization. 2. Cells contain smaller expressions called ___ that carry break their metabolic functions. retread the coordinate of the cell and roll in the hay the functions of each of the organelles. 3. Many physiological processes are controlled by self-correcting ___ loops. 4. ___ is the bodys tendency to maintain stable internal conditions. Make sure you review homeostasis, positive feedback loops, and interdict feedback loops. . all chemical change in the body is collectively called ___. Look at the chemistry worksheet. agnize the terms listed in the worksheet and their definitions. 6. Anabolism expires when interlinking molecules are do from simpler ones. True False 7. Two groups of people were tested to determine whether ail lowers blood cholesterol levels. One grou p was given 800 mg of garlic pulverise daily for quartette months and exhibited an average 12% reduction in the blood cholesterol. The other group was not given any garlic and later on four months averaged a 3% reduction in cholesterol. The group that was not given the garlic was theA. control group. B. test group. C. placebo group. D. peer group. E. double-blind group. check out the scientific method. 8. each chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed by it is called a/an___ or _____. 9. Fats are digested by enzymes called A. lipases. B. proteases. C. glycolases. D. carboxylases. E. sterolases. Review the action of enzymes, method of fitting enzymes, and the structure of a protein. 10. A positively charged ion is known as a(n) __________. 11. The chemical symbol for potassium is _________. 12. Consider sodium, which has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic bunch of 23.How many outer or valence electrons does it have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 11 E. 23 13. The sharing of electrons in their outer orbital describes what role of chemical bond? agnise how ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds are make. 14. What is the fate of anele scratch offlets in pee? Why? A. It result dissolve in the water be piddle embrocate is hydrophilic. B. It provide stay as separate oil drops because oil is hydrophilic. C. It provide become more hydrophilic and per centumially dissolve in water. D. It ordain mingle together to form one large oil drop because oil is hydrophobic. E. It will merge together to from one large oil drop because oil is hydrophilic.Review the structure of the phospholipid bilayer. 15. The polysaccharide that is stored in humans in the liver and tendon is called _____ and is made up of the monomer or monosaccharide called ______. A. cellulose glucose B. starch glucose C. lactose glucose + galactose D. animal starch glucose E. sucrose glucose + fructose Review the structure of carbohydrates, lipids (phospholipids), proteins, and nuclei biti ngs. 16. Where is most of the adenosine triphosphate made within the cell? In the A. cytoplasm. B. mitochondria. C. lysosomes. D. vacuoles. E. Golgi apparatus. Review the function of the organelles within the cell. 7. The germ plasm tissue layer is said to be ___ because it allows some substances to pass through but excludes others. Know the make-up of the plasma tissue layer. 18. The plasma membrane is composed mainly of protein and ___ molecules. 19. blood proteins that tail open or close their pores in response to changes in voltage across the plasma membrane are called ___. 20. Programmed cell death is carried out by a process called apoptosis. True False 21. Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a brush border composed of ___, which are cell extensions that maturation come near area. 22.What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A. exocytosis B. active transport C. ciliary beating D. protein synthesis E. osmosis Review t he function of the unhomogeneous organelles in the cell. 23. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is called __________. Review the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. 24. Two etymons are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?A. solute will croak from solution A to solution B B. solute will move from solution B to solution A C. water will more from solution A to solution B D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur 25. A red blood cell is placed in a 5% salt solution. This solution would be described as ________ and will cause the cell to _____. Review osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and the active transport processes. Know the concentration of normal saline (0. 9%). 26. If a DNA molecule has 12% thymine, how m uch(prenominal) guanine will it have? A. 6% B. 12%C. 24% D. 38% E. 76% Review the structure of DNA and RNA. 27. You were able to radioactively tag an amino group acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell. The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be A. free ribosome cytosol vesicle extracellular fluid. B. rough ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. C. rough ER smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. D. smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. E. smooth ER Golgi complex lysosome extracellular fluid. Review secretion. 28.In anatomical terms, referring to the front and back, the pectoral region is what to the scapular region? 29. Which term nooky be used to describe the serous membrane that lines a cavity? 30. The elbow is what to the wrist? Review the directional terms, planes of sectioning, and abdominal areas. 31. After a gristle cell becomes trapped in a lacuna, it is call ed a chondrocyte. True False Review the function of each of the following cells chondroblast, chondrocyte, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast. Name the four types of tissues. Review the functions of the dissimilar tissues. There will be a few pictures of the some tissues on the final.They will be fairly recognizable. 32. A tissue specialized for brawn stock and thermal insulation is 33. ___ are single mucus-secreting cells ready in the epithelia of many mucous membranes. A. Mast cells B. Goblet cells C. Endocrine cells D. Myocytes E. Histiocytes 34. A ___ is a relatively enceinte bail between two epithelial cells. A. plasma membrane B. desmosome C. tight junction D. gap junction Review the types of intracellular junctions erect between cells. 35. Tendons and ligaments are made predominantly of the protein A. keratin. B. fibrin. C. actin. D. collagen. E. elastin.Review the structure of tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis. Know what each does. 36. A tissue containing 20 layers o f flat cells is called A. simple squamous. B. simple cuboidal. C. simple columnar. D. pseudostratified columnar. E. stratified squamous. 37. The area of the neuron which houses the magnetic core is called the ______, while the unyielding single extension that sends electrical signals to other cells is called the ______. A. neuroglia axon B. soma axon C. soma dendrite D. dendrite axon E. soma inwardness Review neuronal structure. 38. The electrical charge residuum across plasma membranes of all cells is called the A. esting membrane potential. B. depolarization phase. C. action potential. D. repolarization phase. E. hyperpolarization phase. Review an action potential and resting membrane potential. 39. You unyielding to become buff and started seriously lifting weights. After six months you began to notice that some of your heftiness-builders increased in size. This increase in size was due to _____ of the muscle cells. A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. grow D. metaplasia. E. a trophy Review the definitions of the terms in the choices above. 40. The holocrine glands of the disrobe secrete ___. Review the sheet on glands and glandular structure.Review mucous and serous membranes. 41. Thick skin is found A. on the lips. B. on the bottom of the foot. C. between the shoulders. D. on the abdomen. E. on the buttocks. 42. Areolar tissue is found in A. the stratum corneum. B. the stratum lucidum. C. the stratum spinosum. D. the papillary layer. E. the crisscross layer. 43. The fastest rate of mitosis is seen in A. the stratum corneum. B. the stratum lucidum. C. the stratum granulosum. D. the stratum spinosum. E. the stratum basale. Know the order of the layers in the epidermis and dermis. Know the types of tissues found in the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. 4. A tendon connects a muscle to a off-white, whereas a ___ connects one hit the books to another. 45. Cells called ___ deposit matrix at the find of a bone 46. Hematopoiesis typically occurs in A. the epiphyseal plate. B. the articular cartilages. C. the red bone marrow. D. the yellow bone marrow. E. the gelatinous bone marrow. 47. Calcium homeostasis in adults is well-kept mainly by A. calcitonin. B. calcitriol. C. vitamin D. D. parathyroid hormone. E. hydroxyapatite. Review the action of calcitonin, vit. D, and parathyroid hormones and their effects on bones. 48. Most bones develop from A. hyaline cartilage.B. osseous tissue. C. bone marrow. D. endoderm. E. fibrocartilage Know the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification. 49. Bones found in the forearm are A. flat bones. B. sesamoid bones. C. spongy bones. D. long bones. E. irregular bones. Review the structure of a long bone and the microscopic structure of bone. 50. The periosteum is a connective tissue sheath which lines the _____ of bones and fuses with bones by way of _____ fibers. A. outer surface elastic B. intragroup surface reticular C. outer surface perforating D. inner surface perforating E. outer surface actin 51.The ilium, ischium and pubis make up a bone called ____. 52. The part of the ethmoid bone which allows affectionateness fibers for the sense of smell to pass directly into the brain is called the ______? 53. Which movement is limited to the foot? A. pronation B. elevation C. dorsiflexion D. abduction E. circumduction Review the movements and recognize a commentary of a movement. 54. This part of a synovial joint appears at the ends of the long bones. A. articular cartilage B. fibrous capsule C. synovial membrane D. meniscus E. bursa Review the parts of the synovial joint. 55. The elbow is an example of what type of joint?A. hinge B. saddle C. gliding D. condyloid E. ball and socket 56. The fibrocartilage discs of the knees are called the _____ and the ligaments which prevent hyperextension and prevent the femur from slue off the front of the tibia are the _____ ligaments. A. menisci popliteal B. collateral ligaments cruciate C. menisci cruciate D. menisci collateral E. bursae collateral Review the microscopic structure of cartilage. Know the trinity types of cartilage and recognize which is the strongest. 57. The rotator cuff includes tendons of all of the following muscles except A. the subscapularis.B. the biceps brachii. C. the infraspinatus. D. the teres minor. E. the supraspinatus. Know the rotator cuff muscles. 58. ___ are straplike muscles of uniform width whose fascicles all conduce in the same direction. A. Convergent muscles B. Pennate muscles C. Rectilinear muscles D. Fusiform muscles E. Parallel muscles Review the organizations of muscles . Know the difference between an aponeurosis and a tendon. 59. In raddled muscle, groups of muscle cells are called _____ and are surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the ______. A. fascicles, endomysium B. fascicles, perimysium C. asciae, epimysium D. fasciae, endomysium E. fascicles, epimysium Know the terms endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. Review the related terms for fondness structure also. 60. The muscular dome between the abdominal and thoracic cavity is the A. central tendon. B. diaphragm. C. external intercostals. D. internal intercostals. E. transverse abdominis. There will be a few questions like this one related to major muscles in the body. 61. One motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it are called a ___. 62. A plasma membrane is said to be ___ if there is a difference in charge n opposite sides of it. 63. The ___ theory is the current forge of how a muscle fiber contracts. Review the sliding filament theory of muscle movement including the structures found in a muscle cell. 64. Motor nerve fibers kick a neurotransmitter called ___, which makes skeletal muscle fibers contract. 65. Which of the following is/are voluntary muscle? A. smooth muscle B. cardiac muscle C. skeletal muscle D. splanchnic muscle E. intestinal muscle 66. Action potentials are propagated from the surface to the interior of a muscle fiber by way of A. the sarcomeres. B. the sarcoplasmic reticulum.C. the endomysium. D. the myofibrils. E. the T tubules. Review the structure of a muscle fiber. 67. When there is not enough oxygen to create ATP by aerobic respiration, a muscle fiber can realize ATP by borrowing phosphate groups from A. cyclic adenosine monophosphate. B. creatine phosphate. C. phospholipids. D. cholinesterase. E. creatine kinase. Review cellular respiration, fermentation, and the phosphagen system for production of ATP. 68. Posture is maintained mainly by ___ fibers because they travail _____. A. slow- abstract slowly B. white slowly C. type II rapidly D. fast-twitch rapidlyE. fast glycolytic slowly Review the difference between slow and fast twitch muscles. Review the structure of the neuromuscular junction. 69. Which of the following is an organ system? a. connective b. circulatory c. hypogastric d. epidermal Review the organ systems. 70. Which of the following processes does not occur in cellular resp iration? a. glycolysis b. transition reaction c. fermentation d. Krebs cycle e. electron transport chain Review the processes in cellular respiration and fermentation. Answers 1. D 2. organelles 3. oppose feedback 4. homeostasis 5. metamorphosis 6. dead on target 7. A 8. atalysts, enzymes 9. A 10. cation 11. K 12. A 13. covalent 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. selectively permeable 18. phospholipid 19. voltage gated channels 20. true 21. microvilli 22. D 23. metaphase 24. D 25. hypertonic, shrink 26. D 27. B 28. anterior 29. parietal 30. proximal 31. true 32. adipose 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. E 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. sebum 41. B 42. D 43. E 44. ligament 45. osteoblasts. 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. coxal 52. cribriform plate 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. E 59. B 60. B 61. motor unit 62. polarized 63. sliding filament 64. acetylcholine 65. C 66. E 67. B 68. A 69. B 70. C configuration and PhysiologyExam Review, Units 1-4 1. The smallest structures that biologists consider being alive ar e A. organisms. B. organs. C. macromolecules. D. cells. E. organelles. Review levels of organization. 2. Cells contain smaller structures called ___ that carry out their metabolic functions. Review the structure of the cell and know the functions of each of the organelles. 3. Many physiological processes are controlled by self-correcting ___ loops. 4. ___ is the bodys tendency to maintain stable internal conditions. Make sure you review homeostasis, positive feedback loops, and negative feedback loops. . All chemical change in the body is collectively called ___. Look at the chemistry worksheet. Know the terms listed in the worksheet and their definitions. 6. Anabolism occurs when complex molecules are made from simpler ones. True False 7. Two groups of people were tested to determine whether garlic lowers blood cholesterol levels. One group was given 800 mg of garlic powder daily for four months and exhibited an average 12% reduction in the blood cholesterol. The other group was no t given any garlic and after four months averaged a 3% reduction in cholesterol. The group that was not given the garlic was theA. control group. B. test group. C. placebo group. D. peer group. E. double-blind group. Review the scientific method. 8. Any chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed by it is called a/an___ or _____. 9. Fats are digested by enzymes called A. lipases. B. proteases. C. glycolases. D. carboxylases. E. sterolases. Review the action of enzymes, method of naming enzymes, and the structure of a protein. 10. A positively charged ion is known as a(n) __________. 11. The chemical symbol for potassium is _________. 12. Consider sodium, which has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23.How many outer or valence electrons does it have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 11 E. 23 13. The sharing of electrons in their outer orbital describes what type of chemical bond? Know how ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds are made. 14. What is the fate of oil droplets in wat er? Why? A. It will dissolve in the water because oil is hydrophilic. B. It will stay as separate oil drops because oil is hydrophilic. C. It will become more hydrophilic and partially dissolve in water. D. It will merge together to form one large oil drop because oil is hydrophobic. E. It will merge together to from one large oil drop because oil is hydrophilic.Review the structure of the phospholipid bilayer. 15. The polysaccharide that is stored in humans in the liver and muscle is called _____ and is made up of the monomer or monosaccharide called ______. A. cellulose glucose B. starch glucose C. lactose glucose + galactose D. glycogen glucose E. sucrose glucose + fructose Review the structure of carbohydrates, lipids (phospholipids), proteins, and nuclei acids. 16. Where is most of the ATP made within the cell? In the A. cytoplasm. B. mitochondria. C. lysosomes. D. vacuoles. E. Golgi apparatus. Review the function of the organelles within the cell. 7. The plasma membrane is sai d to be ___ because it allows some substances to pass through but excludes others. Know the make-up of the plasma membrane. 18. The plasma membrane is composed mainly of protein and ___ molecules. 19. Channel proteins that can open or close their pores in response to changes in voltage across the plasma membrane are called ___. 20. Programmed cell death is carried out by a process called apoptosis. True False 21. Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a brush border composed of ___, which are cell extensions that increase surface area. 22.What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? A. exocytosis B. active transport C. ciliary beating D. protein synthesis E. osmosis Review the function of the various organelles in the cell. 23. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is called __________. Review the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. 24. Two solutions are separated by a s electively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?A. solute will move from solution A to solution B B. solute will move from solution B to solution A C. water will more from solution A to solution B D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur 25. A red blood cell is placed in a 5% salt solution. This solution would be described as ________ and will cause the cell to _____. Review osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and the active transport processes. Know the concentration of normal saline (0. 9%). 26. If a DNA molecule has 12% thymine, how much guanine will it have? A. 6% B. 12%C. 24% D. 38% E. 76% Review the structure of DNA and RNA. 27. You were able to radioactively tag an amino acid that is used to make insulin, a hormone that will be exported out of the cell. The pathway of the tagged amino acid would be A. free ribosome cytosol vesicle extracellular fluid. B. rough ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. C. rough ER smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. D. smooth ER Golgi complex Golgi vesicle extracellular fluid. E. smooth ER Golgi complex lysosome extracellular fluid. Review secretion. 28.In anatomical terms, referring to the front and back, the pectoral region is what to the scapular region? 29. Which term can be used to describe the serous membrane that lines a cavity? 30. The elbow is what to the wrist? Review the directional terms, planes of sectioning, and abdominal areas. 31. After a cartilage cell becomes trapped in a lacuna, it is called a chondrocyte. True False Review the function of each of the following cells chondroblast, chondrocyte, osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast. Name the four types of tissues. Review the functions of the various tissues. There will be a few pictures of the some tissues on the final.They will be fairly recognizable. 32. A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is 33. ___ are single mucus-secreting cells found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes. A. Mast cells B. Goblet cells C. Endocrine cells D. Myocytes E. Histiocytes 34. A ___ is a relatively impenetrable attachment between two epithelial cells. A. plasma membrane B. desmosome C. tight junction D. gap junction Review the types of intracellular junctions found between cells. 35. Tendons and ligaments are made predominantly of the protein A. keratin. B. fibrin. C. actin. D. collagen. E. elastin.Review the structure of tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis. Know what each does. 36. A tissue containing 20 layers of flat cells is called A. simple squamous. B. simple cuboidal. C. simple columnar. D. pseudostratified columnar. E. stratified squamous. 37. The area of the neuron which houses the nucleus is called the ______, while the long single extension that sends electrical signals to other cells is called the ______. A. neuroglia axon B. soma axon C. soma dendrite D. dendrite axon E. soma nerve Review neuronal structure. 38. The electrical charge difference across plasma membranes of all cells is called the A. esting membrane potential. B. depolarization phase. C. action potential. D. repolarization phase. E. hyperpolarization phase. Review an action potential and resting membrane potential. 39. You decided to become buff and started seriously lifting weights. After six months you began to notice that some of your muscles increased in size. This increase in size was due to _____ of the muscle cells. A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. hypertrophy D. metaplasia. E. atrophy Review the definitions of the terms in the choices above. 40. The holocrine glands of the skin secrete ___. Review the sheet on glands and glandular structure.Review mucous and serous membranes. 41. Thick skin is found A. on the lips. B. on the bottom of the foot. C. between the shoulders. D. on the abdomen. E. on the buttocks. 42. Areolar tissue is found in A. the stratum corneum. B. the stratum lucidum. C. the stratum spinosum. D. the papillary layer. E. the reticular layer. 43. The fastest rate of mitosis is seen in A. the stratum corneum. B. the stratum lucidum. C. the stratum granulosum. D. the stratum spinosum. E. the stratum basale. Know the order of the layers in the epidermis and dermis. Know the types of tissues found in the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. 4. A tendon connects a muscle to a bone, whereas a ___ connects one bone to another. 45. Cells called ___ deposit matrix at the surface of a bone 46. Hematopoiesis typically occurs in A. the epiphyseal plate. B. the articular cartilages. C. the red bone marrow. D. the yellow bone marrow. E. the gelatinous bone marrow. 47. Calcium homeostasis in adults is maintained mainly by A. calcitonin. B. calcitriol. C. vitamin D. D. parathyroid hormone. E. hydroxyapatite. Review the action of calcitonin, vit. D, and parathyroid hormones an d their effects on bones. 48. Most bones develop from A. hyaline cartilage.B. osseous tissue. C. bone marrow. D. endoderm. E. fibrocartilage Know the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification. 49. Bones found in the forearm are A. flat bones. B. sesamoid bones. C. spongy bones. D. long bones. E. irregular bones. Review the structure of a long bone and the microscopic structure of bone. 50. The periosteum is a connective tissue sheath which lines the _____ of bones and fuses with bones by way of _____ fibers. A. outer surface elastic B. inner surface reticular C. outer surface perforating D. inner surface perforating E. outer surface actin 51.The ilium, ischium and pubis make up a bone called ____. 52. The part of the ethmoid bone which allows nerve fibers for the sense of smell to pass directly into the brain is called the ______? 53. Which movement is limited to the foot? A. pronation B. elevation C. dorsiflexion D. abduction E. circumduction Review the movem ents and recognize a description of a movement. 54. This part of a synovial joint appears at the ends of the long bones. A. articular cartilage B. fibrous capsule C. synovial membrane D. meniscus E. bursa Review the parts of the synovial joint. 55. The elbow is an example of what type of joint?A. hinge B. saddle C. gliding D. condyloid E. ball and socket 56. The fibrocartilage discs of the knees are called the _____ and the ligaments which prevent hyperextension and prevent the femur from sliding off the front of the tibia are the _____ ligaments. A. menisci popliteal B. collateral ligaments cruciate C. menisci cruciate D. menisci collateral E. bursae collateral Review the microscopic structure of cartilage. Know the three types of cartilage and recognize which is the strongest. 57. The rotator cuff includes tendons of all of the following muscles except A. the subscapularis.B. the biceps brachii. C. the infraspinatus. D. the teres minor. E. the supraspinatus. Know the rotator cuff muscles. 58. ___ are straplike muscles of uniform width whose fascicles all run in the same direction. A. Convergent muscles B. Pennate muscles C. Rectilinear muscles D. Fusiform muscles E. Parallel muscles Review the organizations of muscles . Know the difference between an aponeurosis and a tendon. 59. In skeletal muscle, groups of muscle cells are called _____ and are surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the ______. A. fascicles, endomysium B. fascicles, perimysium C. asciae, epimysium D. fasciae, endomysium E. fascicles, epimysium Know the terms endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. Review the related terms for nerve structure also. 60. The muscular dome between the abdominal and thoracic cavity is the A. central tendon. B. diaphragm. C. external intercostals. D. internal intercostals. E. transverse abdominis. There will be a few questions like this one related to major muscles in the body. 61. One motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it are call ed a ___. 62. A plasma membrane is said to be ___ if there is a difference in charge n opposite sides of it. 63. The ___ theory is the current model of how a muscle fiber contracts. Review the sliding filament theory of muscle movement including the structures found in a muscle cell. 64. Motor nerve fibers release a neurotransmitter called ___, which makes skeletal muscle fibers contract. 65. Which of the following is/are voluntary muscle? A. smooth muscle B. cardiac muscle C. skeletal muscle D. visceral muscle E. intestinal muscle 66. Action potentials are propagated from the surface to the interior of a muscle fiber by way of A. the sarcomeres. B. the sarcoplasmic reticulum.C. the endomysium. D. the myofibrils. E. the T tubules. Review the structure of a muscle fiber. 67. When there is not enough oxygen to create ATP by aerobic respiration, a muscle fiber can produce ATP by borrowing phosphate groups from A. cyclic adenosine monophosphate. B. creatine phosphate. C. phospholipids. D. cholinesterase. E. creatine kinase. Review cellular respiration, fermentation, and the phosphagen system for production of ATP. 68. Posture is maintained mainly by ___ fibers because they fatigue _____. A. slow-twitch slowly B. white slowly C. type II rapidly D. fast-twitch rapidlyE. fast glycolytic slowly Review the difference between slow and fast twitch muscles. Review the structure of the neuromuscular junction. 69. Which of the following is an organ system? a. connective b. circulatory c. hypogastric d. epidermal Review the organ systems. 70. Which of the following processes does not occur in cellular respiration? a. glycolysis b. transition reaction c. fermentation d. Krebs cycle e. electron transport chain Review the processes in cellular respiration and fermentation. Answers 1. D 2. organelles 3. negative feedback 4. homeostasis 5. metabolism 6. true 7. A 8. atalysts, enzymes 9. A 10. cation 11. K 12. A 13. covalent 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. selectively permeable 18. phosphol ipid 19. voltage gated channels 20. true 21. microvilli 22. D 23. metaphase 24. D 25. hypertonic, shrink 26. D 27. B 28. anterior 29. parietal 30. proximal 31. true 32. adipose 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. E 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. sebum 41. B 42. D 43. E 44. ligament 45. osteoblasts. 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. coxal 52. cribriform plate 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. E 59. B 60. B 61. motor unit 62. polarized 63. sliding filament 64. acetylcholine 65. C 66. E 67. B 68. A 69. B 70. C

Landmine Research Paper

Abstract My research topic was landmines. At first I thought that the topic was too broad simply came to scratch that in that respect is so much close the topic that open fire be disc everyplaceed. This brought on so some possible research questions. A few were argon they the approximately dangerous, should they be banned, how prospicient have they been utilize etc. However, I found that researching the dangers of landmines would be the most appropriate topic for me. My method was to search through and through the databases and find information that could help formulate a thesis once that was created I continued my research to help me discover topics for body paragraphs.My research brought me to a hoi polloi of conclusions and made me realize that landmines argon in fact the most dangerous weapon that can be make hire ofd it fight. A Geographer Explores a Path of conclusion Since 1975, landmines have killed or maimed more than 1-million people across the world (Bonsor, 2 001). Landmines ar becoming increasingly more dangerous as they be constantly being occasiond in strugglef ars. At the time, they carry outm like the best choice of weaponry but in reality, there be so many more cost-efficient and safer choices that can be made.As I am human geographer, I am concerned with the study of people and places. Therefore, studying how landmines affect the people and their awkward is a huge part of what I do. It is said that the earliest forms of landmines were used over 2,500 years ago but that Americans were the first to use operational landmines in the war against the Indians in Florida in 1840 (Croll, 1998). Landmines have been used for so long and atomic number 18 becoming more and more dangerous. They used to be manually operated but readily were developed to blow up when a certain amount of pressure was put on them.However, it was not until 1918 that landmines started being used on a largish scale level this began because assault tanks were now used in wars as well (Croll, 1998). If it were not for landmines, a lot of damage to citizens, animals, and resources would not occur. There are also two categories of landmines Anti-personnel (AP) mines and Anti-Tank (AT) mines. AT mines are usually cosmicr and contain more explosive materials. These mines are used to hamper tanks, trucks, and the people in the contact area. They also require more pressure on the rigger plate for it to explode (Bonsor, 2001). However, no matter what type of mine it is, they can all do equal damage on a human being. The damage can be life threatening or charge lethal. Mines cannot detect when the war is over or who is stepping on them they are so dangerous to everyone around them. Sadly, some countries are a lot more affected by landmines than others (Croll, 1998). There are 26 countries in Africa, 9 countries in America, 17 countries in Asia, 25 countries in Europe, and 16 countries in the Middle East all being disadvantageously affe cted by landmines.These are said to be the countries most affect by this deadly weapon of defense. Landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they primed(p) them, they are bodacious to make yet effective, and they kill civilians as well as the enemy. Currently, there are more than 100-million landmines located in 70 countries around the world (Bonsor, 2001). This number is outrageous seeing as many of these countries no longer have war raging through their earth. Almost every war uses landmines because they are effective. The purpose of mines when used by armed forces is to dis adequate to(p) any person or vehicle that comes into contact with it by an explosion or fragments released at high speeds (Bonsor, 2001). We know that they are effective and that is why we use them. Nonetheless, we know that they are deadly and can kill in a matter of seconds. If you look at the map on page 8, you ca n see the large number of casualties throughout the world in 2008. The areas that are bad have high casualty rates there is too much blue on that map for anyone to accept the horrors that landmines bring to war.Hopefully, one day, we will see white on every country proving that mines are no longer cleansing people across the world. Another scary thought is that in many instances, the mines do not kill the victim. Loss of arms and legs are very honey oil in these injuries. These injuries do not alone physically damage you but according to Shah, 2009, they leave a mental scar on the victim as well. Many people never recover from these traumatic injuries. It is difficult to imagine ever dealing with what these citizens must go through on a day by day basis.How many people can actually say they would not fear leaving their own homes after such a terrible experience? however when the war is over, the mines are not removed. They sit in the ground for years and years to come until so me unfortunate soul is unlucky enough to be the one to detonate it. Anti-personnel landmines continue to have tragic, unintended consequences years after a battle and tied(p) the entire war has ended (Bonsor, 2001). The process it would allot to remove these landmines is a lot more intricate than it is to install them in the first place.You would have to disable it from above ground or detonate it and that would require very difficult and dangerous for the workers. Doing this is not worth it for them, especially if they are not fighting on their own soil. Fighting for your own country is a lot more inconvenient. You may know that land a lot better which gives you an advantage, like in the Vietnam War. Yet, we also have to think about how they are depleting their own resources, destroying their land, and harming their own people.They have to deal with more tragedy once the war is over. We would reason that they would want to avoid using landmines on their own land, but it has yet to stop any country in any war. Landmines are also making globalization a lot harder because it is causing boundaries between countries thats what war does. Having landmines deepens the hate between countries because they cause so much pain. It is hard to trust a country that wants to help you become a core country when they have already destroyed so much of what you love. Thermal infrared (IR) technique has been applied to the detection of shallowly buried landmines for more than a tenner and has been found to be promising for non-metallic mines. Its aim is to detect and distinguish landmines from other buried objects (false alarms) using diurnal IR measurements of the air-soil interface (Thanh, 2011). Although this is very convenient, it does not unendingly work. Many landmines are in fact metallic so if it can only detect non-metallic mines, then it is missing a large amount of deadly weapons. The technique is an amazing start but it is not enough to say that the use of landmi nes should be allowed.Until a machine is invented that can detect any landmine, no(prenominal) should be used. However, if something like this is invented, it defeats the purpose of the mines all together. Either way, with advancements in this day and age, it will not be long ahead something this magnificent is created and the use of mines is superfluous therefore saving hundreds of lives every year. The more they use landmines, the more innocent lives are going to be taken once the booking has been concluded. Not only do the landmines remain in the ground years after conflict has ended, but a good deal soldiers forget where they have been placed. As time passes, the location of landmines is often forgotten, even by those who planted them (Bonsor, 2001). This makes these mines even more dangerous. We know that they can kill someone in an instant, but knowing that we do not even know there location is terrifying. Anyone could visit a foreign country and potentially be affected b y these killing machines. There is nothing we can even do at this point, especially when it is not on our on soil. When one country invades another, it makes sense that they forget about the location, but when it is your own country, the mess are completely different.They are now killing their own people and that is wrong on every possible level. Furthermore, in the midst of a conflict or in preparation, records are rarely kept on exact locations for any or all landmines (Shah, 2009). Therefore, they either do not have a record at all or completely forget about them. These conditions are daunting to imagine. We would hope that if war ever struck in the join States that we would be willing to remove the mines or detonate them before we forgot exactly where we put them. It is scary to think of the possibility of death in your own country post-war due to the effects of war.Since the death toll of landmines is so high we know that they are effective, however many people do not know th at they are cheap to make as well. Landmines are easy-to-make, cheap and effective weapons that can be deployed easily over large areas to prevent enemy movements (Bonsor, 2001). The fact that they are cheap makes it a lot easier and more convenient to use them in wars. We could predict that if they were not so cheap then less countries would want to use them as a weapon. However, at this point in time, it seems that the only thing that could possibly stop the use of landmines is a law.It would be great if everyone just halt using them because the causality rate is so high but they are more worried about killing soldiers and do not worry about what is going to happen to the civilians decades later. The more wars they are used in, the easier and cheaper it gets to produce them (Thanh, 2011). This should be reason enough to stop all use of the mines. This needs to end before it is too late. Too many people are getting maimed by these mines. It is clear that they are beneficial during the war but the affects after the war are far from worth a potential victory.It is not fair to the rest of the world to use these when we are the ones getting caught in the crossfire. Once the war had ended, the only people left to be effected by the landmines are the citizens. Horrific stories and pictures from all around the world often showed that civilians were the main landmine casualties in large numbers and continued to be so years after the warring factions have left the battlefield (Shah, 2009). This is alarming to hear. They did nothing to deserve this terrible dowry therefore they should not be the ones whose lives are destroyed because of them.One of the worst parts of the situation is that the ones affected are often children. You may see the physical remedy on the outside, but there are so many mental scars on the inside. Education rates among child survivors are lower than average musical composition school drop-outs are more frequent, diminishing employment pros pects later on (Shah, 2009). It is not fair that children have to suffer so much for a war they may not have even been alive to experience. Even if they had been alive it is unlikely that they had been a part of the war they were most likely just a citizen in a village or town nearby.There futures are ruined due to factors that are not their fault it is a miserable start to a childs life leading to an even more miserable ending. They do not deserve to live under these horrible conditions. We should be able to do more to help, but at this point, there is nothing we can do but hope that innocent people stop getting injured. Landmines are becoming more dangerous as the number of casualties increase. Many civilians may have to resort to voluntary migration to avoid the dangers that the area may bring.Something needs to be done to stop these terrifying mines from being used during war. The five make-ups of geography can be applied because the layout and production of landmines relates t o it. The first theme is location. Landmines are everywhere. In the map on page 8, we can see just how common they really are and just how many people are affected by them. They were not put into the Earth so that people would never set them off, they were meant to destroy. The second theme is human-environment interaction the relationship between human and the physical world.The mines could be around any corner of the world and these causes a relationship of fear for the people living with these dangers. The third theme is region. This relates to landmines because more often than not, landmines are placed in regions that soldiers would be crossing. They are strategically placed by the enemy. We as geographers use fieldwork, quantitative, and qualitative methods to develop insightful descriptions of different regions of the world (Fouberg, 2009). The fourth theme is place. Each landmine has a unique location depending on who planted it and who their target is.Each landmine has its o wn distinctive mission. Finally, the fifth theme is movement. Civilians must relocate during and after war to avoid the tragedies brought on by landmines and even other war effects. This is not fair to them but it is something that should be done to ensure their safety and the safety of their families. My conclusions is that landmines are the most dangerous weapon to use in war because they are so deadly, they exists after the war ends, people forget where they placed them, they are cheap to make yet effective, and they kill civilians.All these reasons are enough to show that landmines should not be used in wars. These landmines are perhaps amongst the most awful weapons on the battlefield today, they are inanimate victim-activated explosive devices recognizing neither friend nor foe, making no distinctions between soldiers or civilians they continue maiming and killing long after war is over(Shaun, 2011). None of the achievements seem worth all the pain and suffering. It may seem t hat they are helping in war efforts but in the long run, they are doing more damage than good. These mines continue to be functional for many decades, causing further damage, injury and death (Bonsor, 2001). It is unfathomable to understand the fear that goes through the minds of civilians in many countries when they walk out the door. Could I fall victim to a landmine today? Do they have any idea what is coming? They may even think that nothing will happen to them or that all the mines have been detonated. Little do they know, there are still hundreds, maybe even thousands still lurking in the soil of a place they call home. http//www. he-monitor. org/index. php/publications/display? url=lm/2009/maps/casualties. html This is a map of the world that shows the number of casualties, in 2008, that mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) have caused. Works Cited Bonsor, Kevin. (19 June 2001). How Landmines Work. How Stuff Works. Retrieved from http//science. howstuffworks. com/landmin e7. htm Croll, Mike. (November 1998). History of Landmines. Pen and Sword Books. Retrieved from http//members. iinet. net. au/pictim/mines/history/history. html Fouberg, Erin H. (2009).Human Geography People, Place, and Culture. New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Shah, Anup. (27 November 2009). Landmines. planetary Issues. Retrieved from http//www. globalissues. org/article/79/landmines Shaun, Allan. (2011). Call of Duty Modern Warfare The Effects of Landmines and IEDs on British Troops in Afghanistan. Baltic Security and Defense Review, Vol. 13, 6-20. Thanh, Nguyen Trung. (April 2011). signal detection and characterization of buried landmines using infrared thermography. Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering, Vol. 19, 281-301.

Air Carriers

Air carriers compete through monetary value leadership, differentiation and swimming integration. Adoption of deregulation policies just about the world led to opportunities for entry of new players. However, since existing large air carriers have decades of first mover advantage, the air conveyancing industry became segmented into dickens general groups, the conventional carriers comprised of flag and luxury air carriers and low-cost carriers differentiation by price and cost structures.Competition occurred on two levels, between traditional and low-cost carriers and among the air carriers belonging to these segments. Traditional airlines commonly compete based on differentiation of serve quality, brand equity, and provision of additional value to consumers. Low-cost airlines compete based on cost leadership by developing pricing policies and cost structures that allow the provision of basic go at the lowest possible price. (Costa et al., 2002)Although, low cost carriers tar geted a specific market, the low cost market, this meant a pull from the existing market of traditional airlines because of an selection low cost option.Traditional airlines responded to this by engaging in horizontal integration by buying out low cost airlines as well as engaging in strategic alliance and consolidation strategies ranging from intensive hub and spoke networks and code sharing to mergers and acquisitions intended to fill in the service gaps of low cost airlines and keep their market.These constitute exclusionary practices by exploiting industry practices such as overcapacity to dominate national routes and make it difficult for new entrants to use the same routes that goes against the competitive expectations from deregulation.Anti-trust regulations emerged in many jurisdictions to monitor and regulate practices that end up stifling controversy. Monopolistic or quasi-monopolistic alliances and consolidation are subject to regulation necessary to plug competition t hat balances the interests of various stakeholders. (Kleymann & Seristo, 2004)This led to the implementation of competitive strategies maximizing options within regulatory limits.How does the speed in air carriers impact inventory levels of firms apply air transfer of training? and how the speed advantage relates to the choice of modes when choosing between air carriage and other(a) modes of freight and passenger transport?The speed of air carriers impacts inventory levels of assembly line firms using air transportation services because air carriers become a party in the logistics and supply chain partners of business firms (Thompson & Strickland, 2003).The air transportation industry plays a key role in many industries such as manufacturing and retail serving international markets and the tourism industry that all rely on the service quality and speed of air carriers to meet consumer expectations.In the case of manufacturing and retail companies, one goal is to maintain a fast rate of inventory turnover, which means yield delivery to consumers the soonest possible time after production leaving only sufficient inventory in the warehouse to meet sudden up(a) shifts in demand and minimizing unnecessary costs.A fast inventory turnover then translates to growth in sales and profit and even a sustainable market. (Baldwin et al., 2000) However, to ensure a fast inventory turnover, the air carriers engaged by business firms should be fast enough to meet the period of delivery to all its consumers around the world.As such, speed advantages in an important consideration in the decision of business firms in preferring a mode of transportation to another. With advancements in technology in other modes of transportation, air, land and sea transportation have become substitutes. Bullet trains can offer comparative speeds as air carriers and sea vessels have always been the traditional mode of transportation.Air carriers need to differentiate its transportation servic es relative to the other modes of transportation gain a competitive advantage and influence the decision of passengers and incumbrance owners to prefer air carriers.Since speed is a factor for passengers and cargo owners, this should be cultivated by air carriers as an advantage by developing gentle wind technology, maintaining their air carriers regularly, continuing training of staff, and coordinating with air transportation authorities and airports to support its speed advantage. (Doganis, 2001)ReferencesBaldwin, C., Dyer, H., & Fites, D. (2000). Harvard business review on managing the value chain. Boston, MA Harvard line of descent School Press.Costa, P. R., Harned, D. S., & Lundquist, J. T. (2002). Rethinking the aviation industry New strategies could help the business recover-but will also put more pressure on established players. The McKinsey Quarterly, 2, 88-100.Doganis, R. (2001). The airline business in the twenty-first century. London Routledge.Kleymann, B., Seristo, H . (2004). Managing strategic airline alliances. Aldershot Ashgate Publishing.Thompson, A. A., & Strickland, A. J. (2003). Strategic management (13th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.

Cannery Row Essay

Cannery Row Cannery Row, is not just a novel written by John Steinbeck, but it is also a very earnest specimen of huge variety of incompatible people and human beings that are presented in some of the societies. This story tells us how people are trying to be skilful and take the best out of each situation they are in, even in bad situations. The author gives us the view on the Cannery Row from different prospectives like peepholes so we can better understand the whole idea of the novel.While looking from one peephole we can see that Mack and the boys are adept guys even if they steel things from other people. They are just enjoying their lives, they fagt have work because they dont require, from one side it is very good because most people want to do what they want but not what they should. John Steinbeck is showing to us that if there is a desire people are able to do it. He shows us the Cannery Raw as a small kind of world with its own rules and values of each person sub sisting their.Mack and the boys are steeling not because they can not find any jobs, but because they just dont want. They dont like when anyone is controlling them, they want to be free and do what they like, enjoy their lives. I think that they are doing the right thing, because we are given our lives for enjoing them but not for spending them on the things that you dont like. Of course it is not always this way but people must have an aim and go for it. We can see it in the novel, most of the

Life Changing Disaster

It was the most terrifying moment of my life, a coerce that I will never forget. It came to us as a surprise, in the middle of the night, when everyone was asleep. It was powerful and deadly for many. It changed my life completely when It left me and family with a destroyed home for months. Of course nobody knew what was going to come adjoining and how things will be. It was dark and windy and nobody was awake In the house when I heard a cheap bang outside my window.I woke up and proverb a tree broken from Its roots lying on the driveway of my neighbors house. Next thing I know, my mother ran to my room and opened the door. She had woken up from the live on of the tree f whollying as well. The first thing that came to our minds was to go straight to the basement in case a tornado was coming. My protactinium checked all the windows and locked all the doors while I and my mom collected water and food to bring to the basement in case we had to stay there for a while.The storm was roughly six or seven hours long during which e heard trees, houses windows and other things breaking from the strong wind. Finally the storm had passed and we went upstairs to see postcode but broken windows and furniture thrown around the house by the wind. The storm was the most destructive one in the area recorded in nearly a hundred years according to statistics we heard on the news. It had left people without shelter for weeks and even months. Three of my neighbors were killed by the storm, along with hundreds more(prenominal) in the area which it had hit.Nobody knew where it came from or owe it happened to be so powerful but the outcome of it was horrifying. I was only seven years old and already had seen death and destruction. A psychological scar was given to me by the hands of the destructive wind. For months I was afraid of encountering another disaster like that one. I begged my parents to move our bedrooms to the basement Just to be safe. They knew it had a large Impa ct on my perception of storms and wind overall but chose to let me try and overcome my precaution by facing it.The bedrooms stayed where they were but we had to eve out of the house and to a motel for a month while the house was being worked on by my dad and uncle. Even till this day the sound of wind Is more terrifying to me than death Itself. The loud whistling of the wind and the dancing of the trees makes me shiver Like a child. Days pass and people forget about what happened on that dark autumn night. Only the children who lost their parents and the people who lost their spouses still remember the terror. outright I know to always expect the unexpected and try to prepare for the worst so if it comes, I could be ready.Life Changing Disaster By denouncement September 24, 2010 was powerful and deadly for many. It changed my life completely when it left me and It was dark and windy and nobody was awake in the house when I heard a loud bang outside my window. I woke up and saw a tree broken from its roots lying on the large impact on my perception of storms and wind overall but chose to let me try and Even till this day the sound of wind is more terrifying to me than death itself. The loud whistling of the wind and the dancing of the trees makes me shiver like a child.

Memo Week

We meet more than fifteen years of experience In the Puerco Rican marketplace abeting successful entrepreneurs establish or expand their operations in the Island. Our expert team has make a thorough analysis based of the information you gave us and is ready to present you the knowledge involve to make an informed decision. I am sure this data volition be of great appraise to you and your partners. Puerco sieve is ranked 40 by the World Bank Group in the list of facility of Doing Business out of 1 89 in 2014. The same organization ranked the Island number 18 In the starting a business category.There argon SIX procedures that need to be fulfilled in order to establish a new enterprise in Puerco sieve as a spate 1 . Check online the uniqueness of the company name and register online at the PR Department of verbalize to obtain a business certificate. 2. Apply for an employer identification number (NINE) with the US Internal Revenue servicing and the PR Department of Treasury (Department De Haci endinga). 3. Apply for a municipal business indorse. 4. Request unemployment and disability notice numbers from the PR Department of Labor and Human Resources. 5.Subscribe to a workmens insurance policy (Fond del Secure del Estate). 6. wedge an application with the Treasury Department to get the Merchant certificate. These six basic steps will help you begin the process of establishing your operation in Puerco Rice lawfully. There are several other processes you must(prenominal) take care of to ensure that the business will run smoothly. In Puerco Rice tout ensemble companies are required to return a yearly financial statement. If the company Is incorporated outside of the Island or if It has a turnover of more than Sum must also include an audited balance sheet.Also, companies must present certified public accountant certified accounting report and a financial statement. Like the United States, companies unction as Spas that provide public attestation ser vices must be registered with the Public Accounting Oversight Board. Entities registered in Puerco Rice are required to prepare and file several statutory reports with different governmental agencies. There are four basic returns that control to almost every entity 1 . Income appraise return Entities doing business in Puerco Rice are subject to income taxes that range from 20% to 30%.A return must be filed with the escritoire of Treasury by corporations on or in the beginning the 15th day of the month following the end of the taxable year. A foreign entity is subject to Puerco Rice income taxes on its Puerco Rice sourced income and on its Income effectively affiliated with the Puerco Rice operations. They are exclusivelyowed to deduct expenses related to the Puerco RICE operations, such as depreciation, also allowed. 2. Estimated income tax allowances fee of the tax must be done in four installments on or before the 1 5th day of the fourth, sixth, ninth, and twelfth month o f the taxable year. . Personal property tax return whole personal property is subject to a tax that ranges from 5. 80% to 8. 83% depending of the municipality in which is located. This return and payment is due on or before May 15 with the Municipal Revenue Collection have-to doe with (CRIME). 4. Volume of business declaration All businesses are required to pay a license tax based on gross revenues generated. The tax rate varies depending on the municipality but ranges from . 002 to . 005 in the case of non-financial businesses.Also, all corporations registered with the Department of State of Puerco Rice must file an annual corporation on or before April 15 of every year. Puerco Rice has a developed banking industry with 19 commercial banks, most of them local anesthetic corporations. The FIDE a federal agency that oversees Nanking operations regulates all local commercial banks. Locally the COIF (Commissioner of monetary Institutions of Puerco Rice) regulate, supervise and ove rsee the financial institutions operating in Puerco Rice.This gives your operation the assurance that all your banking transactions will be made safely in the Island. Credit transactions are held by banks and most of them spell opportunities to entrepreneurs that are establishing business in Puerco Rice. In MEGS specific area of business, which is mental counseling, Puerco Rice has local laws that apply to foreign counselors who want to establish offices. Being your company originally from Massachusetts, you must present evidence that you passed the NBC bailiwick exam.Also you must present evidence that your curriculum complies with certain specific competences in counseling. After all your accreditations have been evaluated by the Professional Counselors Review Board of PR Mount Regenerator De Consenters Professionals De PR) they will issue a provisionary license that will allow you to make business as a professional counselor. After that license is provided, you will have three years to comply with 500 mentoring hours given by a get along certified mentor hat will award your permanent license.The license must be re-create every three years and comply with 45 hours of continuing education. We are confident that the information provided in this communication will be useful in the decision of you and your partners. It is very important that MEG Inc. Complies with all local laws and avoids problems that can slow the expansion process. LIMP recommends that MEG Inc. Continue with the expansion plans in Puerco Rice as soon as possible. We look forwards to meet with your executive team and continue forward with the plans. It will be a pleasure doing business together.

Gothic Literature Essay

American black letter Literature is a chance to see the bizarre and scary natures of an individual. Authors such as Hawthorne, Faulkner and Oconner use the written word to paint these mediaeval images in the minds of their readers. Supernatural appearances and motifs such as ghosts and monsters, are embodiments of peoples deepest fears and longings. Authors often use offensive settings because it is what revolves around the event. For example, In The Cask of Amontillado it creates a creepy setting, I busied myself among the pile of get up of which i find before spoken, throwing them aside(83).This gives us a suspicious and vigorous tactile property of whos pile of bones that is? It creates an idea that murder has occurred. Another ideal of a direful set is in the story The down when the narrator says, A distinctly dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor(467). He understandably tells us what he remembers in December. About the fire tugging its ghost upon the floor. The dr eadful settings makes the appearance of its jumper cable to the event. Descriptions of characters lets us know what the character will or may do.For example, In A rose wine for Emily, the character Emily demands, I want arsenic. She demands wantin arsenic letting us predict what she may do with it. It gives us clues making a Gothic story more interesting. In Addition, the author of The masque of the florid Death wrote, His vesture was dabbed in blood and his broad brow, with the scarlet horror(122). The Masque of Red Death is about to attack showing himself in blood with his scarlet horror. It scares the people primarily as to just killing them for a more captivating event .By creating an obscure character, people attend achieving Gothic greatness. The event is the climax of the story with many unexpected tragic stories. For example, in Good Country nation Hulga yells at at Manly Pointer, Give me my leg she screamed and tried to lunge for it, but he pushed her down easily(12) . Hulga did not expect for Manly Pointer to steal her bogus leg. He has always presented himself as a good Christian that is nothing but noble. Furthermore, an unforeseen event makes occurs in A Rose For Emily, Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head.One of us lifted something from it, and inclination of an orbit forward, that faint and invisible dust, dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand iron-gray hair(12). Even though Miss Emily aparted herself from the outside, her murder of Homer was sudden. Miss Emily having Homers utterly body for so many years conveys there is more than just a solitary feeling in her. Death is usually where the story ends in a Gothic story to follow the order of fascinating menacing literature. Abnormal semblance of specters draw the structure of the peoples inmost concern and desire.