Buddhist Beliefs

Core beliefs of Buddhism: Buddhism, as a religion, lays great emphasis on the adherence to the basic beliefs. Buddhism, like most of the great religions of the world, is divided into a number of different traditions. However, most traditions share a common set of fundamental beliefs. The basic Buddhist belief comprise of the basic teachings and concepts of Buddhism. Lord Buddha urged His followers to concentrate on the Four Noble Truths, which helps in attaining freedom from suffering. In the following lines, we have provided more information on the basic Buddhism beliefs: The Four Noble Truths: The Buddha's Four Noble Truths explore human suffering. They may be described (somewhat simplistically) as: Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost universal. Suffering has many causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure. ) Samudaya: There is a cause for suffering. (It is the desire to have and control things. It can take many forms: craving of sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy. ) Nirodha: There is an end to suffering. Suffering ceases with the final liberation of Nirvana (a. k. a. Nibbana). The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or craving. ) Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path. Another fundamental belief of Buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation — the concept that people are reborn after dying. In fact, most individuals go through many cycles of birth, living, de ath and rebirth. A practicing Buddhist differentiates between the concepts of rebirth and reincarnation. In reincarnation, the individual may recur repeatedly. In rebirth, a person does not necessarily return to Earth as the same entity ever again. He compares it to a leaf growing on a tree. When the withering leaf falls off, a new leaf will eventually replace it. It is similar to the old leaf, but it is not identical to the original leaf. After many such cycles, if a person releases their attachment to desire and the self, they can attain Nirvana. This is a state of liberation and freedom from suffering.

World War Z: Movie vs Novel

Movies based on books usually sway away from the unique story the book tells and focuses on the target audiences that easily fall prey to horrible movie adaptations and World War Z is no exception. Hollywood movies are all about action and captivating visual effects in order to catch the simple minded viewer. There are many similarities and differences between the book and the movie. However, there are more differences than similarities because the movie is drastically different from the book.It is so different that some individuals would say the only similarity between the book written by Max Brooks and the movie directed by Marc Foster is the title, World War Z. Some key similarities and differences is how the US is portrayed, how society changes, and how the story is told. Paramount Pictures, a film distribution and producing studio, is an American business. How is this relevant? An American company wouldn’t go out of their way to make a movie degrading their country and in the book, they do just that.In the book, America is first portrayed as an overconfident country that could take care of the zombie apocalypse. Eventually, when the infected started over running cities, America decided to put a stop to it by taking defense. The US had state of the art military technology set up to fight off the horde however; the infected still was able to overrun the military. This event was called the Battle of Yonkers because it took place in Yonkers, New York (Brooks 92). After this, America is in shambles and public confidence in the government was completely eliminated.This resulted in the Great Panic, which was when the world realized the real threat of the infected. However, in the movie, America is the hero and the savior of the world. Gerry Lane, the UN interviewer in the book, who happens to be American, finds out how to save them-selves from the zombies. He analyzes that people with terminal illnesses are ignored by the infected and determines that injec ting himself with a deadly pathogen would be the best â€Å"vaccine† they had. The movie then shows how the American â€Å"hero† finds a â€Å"vaccine† and how the humans now can fight back.That is a truly stupid idea and was never even mentioned in the book. The only thing the book got close to mentioning a vaccine was when Breckenridge â€Å"Breck† Scott created the drug called Phalanx which was nicknamed â€Å"the African Rabies Vaccine†(Brooks 54). However, it turned out to be nothing but a hoax that was used to scare people into buying the drug in order to make quick and easy money. Despite the many greedy and arrogant things America did in the book, they still contributed to the world.They were able to create the Redeker plan which told people to go north (Brooks 121). Going north caused the infected to freeze and become immobile until the spring. They also eventually bounced back in the book but only to have a harsher environment such as mor e primitive punishments, a much more powerful president, and refugee camps. The United States in the book is powerless and broken but in the movie they are heroes of the zombie apocalypse. The infected changed so many aspects of society, some good ways and some bad.Zombie apocalypse or not, people will always take advantage of chaos and do greedy things. People looted, stole, and even killed in a greedy manner to ensure their own survival, ignoring others around them. However, there are people in the story determined to rebuild society that have good hearts. Roy Elliot is a good example of this. He was a very successful movie director before the war and people thought his skills were useless during the war.However, he was determined to find a way to help out humanity. A. D.  S, or Asymptomatic Demise Syndrome, was a syndrome that caused people to lose their will to live on because they thought it was hopeless to fight and Roy Elliot wanted to help people that had or was developing A. D. S by filming humanity fighting against the infected and winning (Brooks 159). He distributed those films around camps and the A. D. S cases were dropping fast. He was successful in helping society even though he had skills that no one thought would be useful. However, in the film, neither Roy Elliot nor A. D. S was mentioned.The only people that put effort into rebuilding are Gerry Lane, the UN, and all the conveniently placed characters that happened to cross Gerry Lane’s path. However, the film only took place within the Great Panic where the people had no information except that the dead rise and kill the living and Gerry Lane and his family are actually portrayed as people who have no idea what is going on and have to survive, just like others shown in the movie. In the film, there is a scene where Gerry Lane and his family go to the super market because his kid has asthma and they needed medicine.This scene really did show how society can break down in a matter of hours. A police officer is shown in the scene but was there for selfish reasons and the men that tried to take advantage of Gerry Lane’s wife through the chaos. However, through the chaos, Gerry Lane meets an armed teenager that looks he is hoarding the drugs but he actually is protecting the pharmacy from others that would use it for recreational purposes. By the end of the scene, Gerry Lane is able to get his medicine but the vehicle they took to the store had been stolen so they had to get to a highpoint in order to get rescued by the UN.He is then greeted by a Latino family that takes them in and gives them aid.. Even though all the selfishness shown in the movie the viewer gets to see news reports that show people cooperating and working together to get past the zombie apocalypse. Even though the movie showed it in a cliche way, both the book and the movie showed the good and the bad people of society. A huge thing the movie completely overlooked was how the book presen ted the story. The book is a series of interviews. Each chapter is an interview and is told in a first person perspective of the person being interviewed with some interjections by the interviewer (Brooks 1).The people that are interviewed are people from all around the world from different ethnicities to show the whole spectrum of the zombie apocalypse. On the other hand, the movie is all about one man and his journey to find the vaccine to fight against the infected. The movie watcher has a narrower perspective of the apocalypse because it shows the event through one man’s eyes rather than a range of people. The book shows how devastating the apocalypse really is and how all the different people reacted and dealt with the problems.The movie might’ve not been able to incorporate every single interview from the book but they could’ve easily included the significant interviews. Instead, the movie decided to use just one man to tell the story of the apocalypse. Th e movie kind of stretched it a little too far when they sent one man all over the world to show the state of the Great Panic in other countries because they could have easily done what the book did which was using different people from different areas and see how they experienced the apocalypse in their homes rather than a foreigner.Many people on web forums say the movie is a good movie if you don’t think of it as the book because Gerry Lane’s adventures provide the viewers with plenty of action. However, if the movie were to have most of even just some of the significant interviews the movie could have been more explosive and action packed than the movie could have ever been. People that go to see the movies expecting a great adaption of the book may leave the movie angry and betrayed.The movie completely butchered a book that had so much potential. The movie was trying to appeal to both readers and non-readers of the book but only appealed to the non-readers. The mo vie adaptation is a decent summer movie if you watch it either keeping the book out of your mind or you haven’t read the book. If one wanted to enjoy the experience of World War Z they should read the book and forget a movie ever existed.

Kitkat-nestle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kitkat-nestle - Research Paper Example Each of the fingers can be separately snapped from the bar. Bars have 2 or 4 fingers typically. Introduction Of Nestle in UAE Nestle’s first official presence in Middle East was in 1934 in Lebanon. It has grown then in the entire region and operating companies has been opened in every country of Middle East except Iraq and Yemen. In these two countries, selling and distribution of products is done through agents. The regional head office of Nestle was established in Middle East in Dubai in the year 1997. Currently, the activities are focussed on 13 countries of Middle East. Business Nestle is into food industry. They products in every food sector from infant food for children to chocolates, beverages, frozen food, seasoning, water, tea, coffee, ice creams etc for adults to pet care food for pets. Their product Kit Kat has its separate marketing and it is into the chocolate business with a range of different Kit Kat flavours. Organizations that market the brand Business activit ies of market In terms of retail and distribution, the market of Middle East can be characterised compared to others. There are three trade clusters in Middle East. The first includes countries like UAE, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain where top retailers account for more than 50% of sales. In this environment, the business is much more skewed towards hypermarkets, supermarkets and key accounts. In the second cluster, the top retailers make up less than 30% of business which includes countries like Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Lebanon. In the third cluster, the top retailers account for less than 5% of business. It includes countries like Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Palestine and Syria. The United Arab Emirates forms a large part of developed trade environment where the key accounts, supermarkets, hypermarkets, typically Lulu, the Coop, Carrefour and Spinneys represent the majority of sales. SWOT analysis of Kit Kat Strength The chosen company is such that it is very difficult to consider its weakness in p romoting their chocolate. The way in which Kit Kat Company is promoting its product is very strong. They make a discount when consumer buys large pieces. It also has many factories which increases and improves the sales of company. Maximizing the distribution of the product is very strong to achieve the goals for any company to have many consumers and gaining profits like the Kit Kat Company does. The way that retailers promote the Kit Kat chocolate is different. Good retailers should help the customers to observe the chocolate in the supermarket in a good way to sell more. For example, when we went to the see how supermarkets promote our product that we chose, we saw big differences in the amount of the Kit Kat chocolate in each store like in Al-Hadaf Supermarket, there are many sections provide different types of Kit Kat. Kit Kat chocolate is a familiar over the world because it has been produce for a long time. The company shows many advertisements and puts many billboards on gro ceries and big markets. Their slogan of Kit Kat â€Å"

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources Assignment

Confidentiality and Anonymous Sources - Assignment Example Many feel that the journalist crosses the line of credibility when they extend this confidentiality to the identity of the story’s source. They suggest that reporters use anonymous sources as a shortcut. It’s easier than using investigative techniques such as uncovering documented evidence and speaking to a larger number of people than solving an intricate but credible puzzle.  A journalist that wants their story to be believed uses at least two named sources in a story. Using just one source that is unknown to the reader, and sometimes the reporter, for the sake of sensationalism and competition is, unfortunately, becoming a common practice. Others, including responsible journalists, firmly believe that the use of confidential or anonymous sources by journalists is essential in providing the public with vital information. This is because certain potential sources in sensitive government or business positions would not be willing to offer information without the assur ance that their identity remains confidential. Many journalists view their job as a duty to inform the public regarding unscrupulous dealings by those who wield power over the public. Those that advocate free speeches argue that if the media employs the use of anonymous sources conscientiously in a genuine effort to generate credible stories, the significance of the information outweighs any apprehensions regarding the origination of those sources. Both lines of reasoning are valid yet each must admit the other’s weaknesses

Entrepreneurs as Business Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Entrepreneurs as Business Leaders - Essay Example On this regards, recommendation are made on how the initiatives taken by the national, regional and local entities can be made better. 1. Introduction Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SME) are considered to be potentially most dynamic in an emerging economy. SMEs are regarded to play an important role in the development process of not only developing but also developed countries. Various advantages can be generated from the rise in SME (Parker, 2004). They are assumed to use more labor intensive technology that may give rise to the employment opportunity. They are established quickly and rapidly that leads to immediate initiation of operation, which in turn generates quick returns. The development of SME may promote the process of intra and inter-regional decentralization that may act as a force in equilibrating the economic power of bigger enterprises. In simple terms, the growth of SMEs is regarded to do major contribution towards the accomplishment of socio-economic and wider e conomic objectives such as poverty alleviation (Cook and Nixson, 2000). Most likely they have chances to move into the region of high-value addition and comparative advantage though they face lots of obstacle in legal, financial, economic and institutional terms. The obstacles include â€Å"limited access to working capital and long-term credit, legal and regulatory restrictions, inadequate infrastructure, high transaction costs, and limited managerial and technical expertise† (Pissarides, 1999, p. 520). However, lack of finance is the main obstacle to the growth of SMEs. This study highlights on the issues faced by the Entrepreneurs or the SME for financing their business in United Kingdom (UK). 2. Methodology The study conducts an in-depth analysis of the factors that influence capital structure of the SME, the various sources of finance for the SMEs and the issues faced and the policies that are there in the UK to support the SMEs. After analyzing the whole scenario the re commendations will be made. In this context, the data of this study has been collected from secondary sources which include various journals, books, newspaper and other electronic sources (Sapsford and Jupp, 2006). The data collected are then analyzed qualitatively to reach the final conclusion. In a qualitative research the study is done by interpreting any phenomenon in terms of what meaning people give to them (Klenke, 2008). 3. Discussion 3.1 Financing pattern While determining the capital structure of the SMEs theoretical framework of the factors may be considered. The theoretical framework generally emphasizes how the size of the firm can affect the capital structure. Many researchers have found the influence of size on the SMEs (Garc a-Teruel and Mart Nez-Solano, 2007; Hernandez-Canovas and Koetter-Kant, 2008; Sogorb-Mira, 2005; Michaelis, Chittenden and Poutziouris, 1999; Kotey, 1999). On analyzing the literature it is found that size affects the capital determination of the firm. The most influential factors are asymmetric information, use of debt tax shield and agency cost. 3.1.1 Asymmetric Information The pecking order theory developed by Myers and Majluf (1984) and Myers (1984) is applied to the financing pattern under this approach. It has been emphasized by various researchers, that the pecking order theory is the most appropriate approach.

Islamic banks and Conventional Banks Term Paper

Islamic banks and Conventional Banks - Term Paper Example But, it can be identified that in the countries in which dual banking systems are present, the growth and stability of the Islamic banking systems have been better than that of the conventional banks over the selected period for study. These findings hint at the higher growth prospects and expected consistency and stability in the operations of the Islamic banks in the future. The research is aimed at evaluating the performance of the Islamic banks and comparing the financial and economic performance of these banks with the conventional interest based banking institutions. The Islamic banks are consistently growing in number and are becoming more prevalent in the contemporary economic and financial sectors. The fact that the countries in which Islamic banking and financing system are employed were among the least affected economies during the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 have highlighted the sustainability and financial strengths of these banks to a high degree. As such, the evaluation and assessment of the performance of Islamic banking system against that of the conventional banking system is identified to be a relevant and interesting area of study. The research is conducted by reviewing the literary works that have been prepared and presented on Islamic banking and the global banking sector, followed by setting the research objectives and questions for the study. The report also includes a discussion of the research methodology including the data collection and analysis methods. The findings and interpretations are presented by analyzing the collected information and a relevant conclusion is reached from the analysis and the overall findings of the research work. Â  

Industries and technology both have hurt and helped our enviornment Essay

Industries and technology both have hurt and helped our enviornment - Essay Example The first wave took place in the late 1700’s, bringing industrial improvements to textiles, iron, water and power systems and mechanization. The second wave brought about steam power, trains and steel production. Next, in the 1900’s, came electricity, chemicals and cars. By the middle of the 20th century, the emerging innovations were petroleum, the space race and electronics. In the most recent years, known as the digital age, society has witnessed the development of computers and other electronic devices. All these innovations have contributed to the development of society. However, the creators of these products did not initially think about the amount of waste that would be generated through the manufacturing of these products and what would happen to these products once they became obsolete. Increasing awareness of the effects of manufacturing on the environment has lead to the development of waste management processes and green engineering. It is not only the issue of emissions, but also the disposal of obsolete vehicles that we have to worry about. These emission and hazard waste disposal issues are common concerns for all manufacturing facilities. An example of this is the plants in the state of New Jersey that refine oil. They produce products that are very much needed in modern society. However, they also produce waste that is difficult to dispose of and can be damaging to our environment. To preserve our environment requires our manufacturers take steps to implement green engineering principles into their processes and abide by the rules and regulations put forth by the EPA and other agencies. On the other hand, consumers must also learn to conserve and use products less wastefully. New technologies and industries are created to meet the demands of people and to continuously try to lower the cost of products. Such innovations sometimes have undesirable effects on our global environment. For example, chlorinated fluorocarbons (CFCs) were

The impact of the Cold War on the Middle East Essay

The impact of the Cold War on the Middle East - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the cold war had a lot of effects not only to the participating countries but also the neighboring states: moreover, the effects were both positive and negative depending on the situation. Significantly, when it comes to the nuclear legacies, most of them can be traced back to the cold war, with most of the Middle East states experiencing the availability of new technologies for nuclear power and energy, use of radiation for improving medical treatment and health; moreover, environmental remediation, industrial production, research science, and technology development have all benefited from the carefully managed application of radiation and other nuclear processes. On the other hand, military development and spending have continued despite the end of the cold war especially in relation to the exploitation of defensive systems; furthermore, former superpowers in the Middle East have proceeded to maintain and develop existing weapons and delivery systems. Additionally, with some countries having had overseas military bases and facilities, they have inherited responsibilities and costs especially with the urge of more production and serving facilities (sometimes even military staging and storage); as well, nuclear and conventional forces remain at levels reasonably high for a  peacetime  environment with localized conflicts and tensions having replaced the former bilateral nuclear confrontation. Generally, in the wake of the Cold War, some of the Middle East countries inherited expenses, commitments, and resources for which they were not prepared, and others state also found themselves with contemporary national-security burdens and substantial environmental contamination legacies, all to be financed while new or revised civilian economies had to be instituted. In 1955, Syria aligned with Egypt and Saudi Arabia (Arab Solidarity Pact) to balance against Iraq and the United States sponsored Baghdad pact; still, on the same year, there was a pact between Syria and USSR - Syria was trying to balance against Iraq, Turkey and Israel (went up to1958). Additionally, in 1958 Syria united with Egypt under Nasser (United Arab Republic) to balance against internal communist threats and external superpower pressure; after this, there was the Tripartite Unity Pact - where Syria and Iraq formed an alliance with Egypt, and later on in the year, Syrian and Iraqi Ba’ath united to balance against Egypt to fulfill ideological goals.

Sustainable Design in Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable Design in Tourism - Essay Example It is only recently that there has been a growing recognition of the importance of combining the needs of traditional urban management (transportation, land use planning, marketing, economic development, fire, and safety etc.) with the need to plan for tourism.† Sustainable design includes structures, which need fewer materials, and resources to construct and maintain are relatively more healthy and comfortable to work and live in. it does not mean a new building style rather it is a revolution in how people think about design, build, and operate buildings. One of the main aims of sustainable design is to reduce the harm caused by poorly designed buildings by combining the best of old building approaches with the new technological advances. Sustainable tourism is â€Å"an industry which attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local culture while helping to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It is responsible tourism which is both ecologically and culturally sensitive.† Constructions have huge impacts on the environment. In industrialized countries, carbon dioxide emissions from the constructions form the half of total national carbon emissions and construction waste account for 35-40 percent of national annual waste output. The 60’s of the twentieth century witnessed the construction of several hundred uncomfortable and uneconomical resorts which required most expensive devices of refrigeration and heating. Though modern construction is much more energy and resources efficient than the building’s in the 60’s, they are still far from sustainable and eco-friendly. It is a fact that many resorts continue to be designed with little regards for improved comfort, climate, or reduction of energy, water, and waste during construction and occupation.

Review of The augmented CAPM Literature Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Of The augmented CAPM - Literature review Example was criticized by various authors and a new augmented CAPM was devised in order to take systematic risk into account while investing in stock market and completely ignore the unsystematic risk. This augmented CAPM is accurate for applying in the Hong Kong market and thus, its validity is checked through this literature (Hearn, n. d.). Asset pricing models are defined as frameworks that are devised for identifying and measuring risk. The models also identify the rewards that are attached with risk bearing. The theories attached to the models helps in realizing reasons for expected returns on the government bonds to be less than that on the stocks. It also assists in developing idea behind two stocks with different expected returns. The change in expected returns over time is also explained through this model (Hearn, n. d.; Huang, Yang and Hu, 2000). The basic premises of asset pricing model are that the investor’s desires for higher expected returns. The investors do not like to take risk and hold diversified portfolios so that the risk is distributed in different sectors. The models also specify fair rate of return for particular asset. The information regarding rate of return is very crucial for taking any investment decision for corporations who evaluate projects and the formation of portfolios for inves tors. The theories related to models helps in characterizing the risk of a project or acquisition and also examine the discount rate associated with the risk. The asset pricing model was first developed by Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965). However, there had been lot of advancement in asset pricing for the past 35 years. The progress was important for understanding the issues encountered while implementing asset pricing models in any emerging market. So, this model should be followed and also modified over time, while investment situation changes due to several challenges. The first asset pricing theory is known as Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) developed

Perception of Beauty Essay Example for Free

Perception of Beauty Essay The term ‘beauty’ is used in multiple contexts. These can be divided into ‘inner beauty’, describing a goodness of personality, and ‘outer beauty’, concerned with aesthetic appearance. On the surface, disfigurement affects outer beauty, but it has been found that changes in appearance can cause anxiety, depression, grief, and a lowered self-esteem. These strongly affect a person’s disposition. Thus, defects in outer beauty can indirectly alter inner beauty. How do human beings decide who is attractive and who is not? Society is full of messages telling us what is beautiful, but what are those definitions based on? Do we consciously decide whom we are attracted to? The issue of beauty and how we define it has been studied for centuries. Scholars from all fields of study have searched for the formula for beauty. Darwin in his book â€Å"The Descent of Man† wrote, It is certainly not true that there is in the mind of man any universal standard of beauty with respect to the human body. It is however, possible that certain tastes in the course of time become inherited, though I have no evidence in favor of this belief. Beauty is an idea. Everybodys idea of beauty is unique. Beauty is a function of culture also. When ideas about beauty make powerful impacts, they can become beauty ideals. What is ideal beauty? We see it everywhere, from paintings, to magazines to TV. Douglas Yu of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, agrees. Its true by definition. Beauty is always judged by the receiver, he says. At the same time, he says in an email there is inter-observer concordance, a measure of objectivity, so that individual perceptions of beauty, factoring in other characteristics such as personality and intelligence, can often be aggregated to form a consensus opinion. Judgment of Beauty According to Kant, the judgment of beauty is different from cognitive or moral judgment because it is affected subjectively, that is, exclusively in reference to the person making the judgment. For a judgment to be truly â€Å"aesthetic†, rather than merely idiosyncratic, the person making the judgment must be adamant that their opinion be consensus. â€Å"A person who describes something as beautiful insists that everyone ought to give the object in question his approval and follow suit. Plato, one of the earliest philosophers to concern himself with beauty, defined it as a â€Å"property intrinsic in objects† which could be measured in â€Å"purity, integrity, harmony and perfection. † Media and Perception of Beauty Research shows that media play a dominant role in influencing females’ perceptions of the world around them, as well as helping them to define their sense of self. The media can definitely change our perception of beauty. It can indeed create a distortion in what a person considers to be ideal beauty or not. It is proven that those that are under the influence of media, either the TV or Print media may unsavorily change what is their idea of beauty by wanting to measure up the ideal or standard portrayed by the media. Another major influence on this centurys attitudes towards beauty was the growth of the film industry. For the first half of the century, all the major beauty icons were film actresses. It was a medium that allowed women who would have previously been overlooked to shine. For instance, the 19th century aversion to redheads was still in place as late as the 20s. It was that black-and-white medium that allowed Clara Bow to be the exception. However, stars such as Bette Davis and Katherine Turner who could not be described as â€Å"conventionally beautiful† invariably came from middle or upper class backgrounds. Beauty was an essential attribute for a working class woman to become successful in Hollywood. This period was also the beginning of the ties between the film and fashion industries, which would continue for decades to come. References Journal of Young Investigators Undergraduate, Peer-Reviewed Science Journal http://www. jyi. org/volumes/volume6/issue6/features/feng. html Utah Education Network  http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=4527

Emotional Connection and Its Relation to Physical Intimacy or Sex Essay Example for Free

Emotional Connection and Its Relation to Physical Intimacy or Sex Essay Majority of women view sexual relationship with valued commitment. They do not allow themselves to be persuaded by their partner who believes that sexual intimacy is part of having a relationship. On the other hand, old-fashioned and modern day women acknowledge the belief that sexual relationship is much persistent within marriage life. This could be true since emotions flow and desires could be much prevalent in the intimate moments of married couples. However, this assumption can be a predicament, finding that intimacy within marriage somehow unpredictably vanishes, and consequently unlit the once flaming emotions. In western cultures and highly developed countries, it is publicly acknowledge and as a normal happening to observe teenagers already sexually aware, accepting that having sexual relationship is a customary expression of love. In fact, sexual orientation is part of the educational curriculum, embarking on the sexual awareness of teenagers at their early age. However, sexual awareness does not pinpoint much the linkage of keeping a happy marriage which is seemingly less emphasized in the sex education, discussing the development of sexual maturity. Either in marriage or in a platonic relationship, one of the important elements that should be present is emotional connection. However, experts believe that the key to successful relationships within marriage lies on adding the aspect of emotions to physical intimacy or sex. Coping or surviving an affair is determined by the sexual intimacy as partly the emotional means. Marriages come to an end because one or both parties are not emotionally attached to each other. They do not see their spouse as a partner in life but as a different individual which tends to be obsolete over time. This research paper will discuss and examine how relationship of couples is survived by several factors within their married life, relating how the effect of emotional connection to physical intimacy or sex is significant features. The review of several literatures and other information is the method used throughout the examinations and findings. Literature Review Overview In the United States, the common causes of divorce are found by experts to be purely emotional, rather than the usual infidelity of a partner. Vis-avis infidelity is also causal to several emotional disturbances, like failure to achieve sexual satisfaction can be disappointing and may cause one party to look for another sexual partner. The troublesome underpinning of failed emotional connection to a partner then becomes a baggage of couples right through their married life. Emotional connection is very crucial in every relationship, specifically marriage. This is why it is important for the couple to get to know each others emotions before deciding to exchange vows as the next level of commitment. Emotions could be the result of openness according to the individual liking or disliking that can be connected by simple understanding, agreement and appreciation (Paulsen, 2008). Sadly, emotional connection gradually disappears as the married life of couples matures. The intimacy that is required to make their marriage strong is displaced on the side, as couples seem to have separate lives within the home setting. When simple differences set in, their individual â€Å"baggage† comes in which initially ignite the unfulfilled emotions that cry out loud as a hostile ground of resentments. The conflict begins beyond disagreements and feeling of neglect, resulting to resolve at the option of divorce. Emotional connection is important in the survival of marriage, enabling couples to iron out differences and work out a solution without parting ways. The convergence of emotional attachment allows couples to make compromise in order to set aside the beliefs that separation would resolve the disagreements (Johnson, 2008). Thus, several factors must be established as the converging point of emotional connections. Importance of Emotional Intimacy in Marriage According to an article written by Shruti Paulsen (2008), creating emotional intimacy in marriage is vital to its survival and success. He likened married life to traveling on a ship with two pilots. At first, the two pilots know what direction to take as well as their destination. However, as the trip goes on, one of the pilots decides to shift the direction to the surprise of the other pilot. In a sense, this is what happens to marriage. In the first few years, the couple has a shared direction and goal. In order to establish emotional connection, it is important for couples to communicate with each others directions. Human culture has the notion that it is bad to be dependent and is a sign of weakness. The truth of the matter is that being emotionally connected with another individual is not. In fact, it provides some sense of security and safety. The basic tenet of the attachment theory is that being apart from another individual can be a traumatic experience (Johnson, 2008). On the other hand, the absence of emotional connection puts into jeopardy an individual’s need for security. Without someone to be emotionally connected with, there is a reason for an individual to panic and become worried. Being emotionally disconnected can play a crucial role in married life as well as in the life of partners. It develops into mistrust of a spouse of their partner (Johnson, 2008). Emotional connection paves the way for couples to develop a deeper understanding of themselves. Establishing intimacy requires sharing of feelings, thoughts, and beliefs. There are various factors that can affect the ability of couples to become emotionally connected to each other. Rearing of children and hectic schedule at work can contribute to the loss of emotional connection and intimacy. Aside from their failure to communicate with each other, there are other factors that can also lead to emotional insecurity such as low self-esteem, childhood experiences, past rejections, and failed relationships. When emotional connection is lacking, marital problems can set in. One spouse views their problem differently than the others (Marriage Quest. Org, 2007). Treatment Issues Warning Signs of Marital Problems When emotional connection is lacking, marital issues can develop some vital signs of marital problems, such as (1) feelings of isolation; (2) increase in arguments or negativity; (3) lack of affection; (4) increase in anger, hostility, and/or sarcasm; (5) avoidance of each other; stonewalling; (6) mistrust. Unfortunately, majority of couples do not possess communication, anger management, commitment, conflict resolution, and intimacy skills (Relationship Institute, 2004). According to Relationship Institute (2004), a study conducted by Dr. J. Gottman from the University of Washington has found the following ‘Four Signs of Relationship Breakdown’: ? Criticism is more than a complain when a spouse finds fault in their partner and attacks the personality and character of the other. ? Contempt shows intention of a spouse to insult or psychologically abuse the other. ? Defensiveness shows unwillingness of a spouse to listen to what their partner wants to say out of fear of being attacked or hurt by the other person. ? Stonewalling is for the spouse to completely ignore or make distance from the other. The Relationship Institute (2004) further cited that a similar study of Dr. Markman and Dr. Stanley from the University of Colorado has described the ‘Four Indicators of Relationship Breakdown’, as follows: ? Increased negativity during interactions of couple shows increased complaining and criticism of each other. ? Invalidation of couple does not show any interest in understanding each other’s point of view. ? Negative Interpretation occurs when one spouse does or says something neutral or positive, but their partner perceives it as hostile or negative. ? Avoidance and withdrawal shows the disagreements. Lack of emotional connection can likewise lead to look for a substitute for the lost intimacy. The substitute can be sexual in nature, such as a sexual partner (infidelity), sex over the phone, pornography, nightlife related to sexual mingling, internet blogging, chronic masturbation, to name a few, or non-sexual in nature, like sports activities, gambling, shopping, pets, community activities, among others. Therapists view these conditions as a disease or addiction, in which sex therapy is suggested to determine the underlying problems (Marriage Quest. Org, 2007). Another potential problem that may arise as a result of the absence of emotional connection is emotional affairs. Having an emotional relationship with another individual is as dangerous as having a physical affair. In marriage where emotional connection is conspicuously absent, one of the spouses finds emotional intimacy through circle of friends. The spouse finds ease, safety and comfort in confiding with another individual, wherein the emotional bond between the couple can become blunt which may jeopardize the marital relationship (Wasson, 2007). Most spouses deny speculations that they are emotionally attached to their friend. In which case, the spouse do not have an idea on what their intimacy with their friend or another person can do to his or her marriage life. While the attachment may not be obvious on the outside, there is however an underlying â€Å"physical chemistry† which can heighten the emotional bond between the individuals involved. The person with whom the spouse has an emotional intimacy with can either be an old friend or a co-worker. It can also involve an individual whom the spouse met through online chatting (Wasson, 2007). Eventually, this individual could transform as the spouse’s primary source of emotional strength. As this develops, the spouse would slowly feel that the friend or co-worker understands them better than their spouse. This would become a major marital problem because it would reach the point that the spouse would keep the conversation a secret to their partner. The spouse would then feel betrayed or deceived by their partner who would bring about a fracture or barrier in their marital relationship (Wasson, 2007). A certain John Gottman who has been undergoing research for more than 18 years, revealed that there are four potential contributors to unhappy marriage namely defensiveness, criticism, contempt, and stonewalling. Divorce is a potential end result due to the couple’s lack of communication. It was found in a study involving 130 newlywed couples that (1) lack of emotional connection was lacking as reflected in the husband’s rejection of the influence of his wife, (2) the negative feelings of the wife during conversations, (3) the failure of the husband to weaken the low-level negative effect of his wife, and (4) the absence of physiological soothing in the male (Levine et al, 2005). Studies have also revealed that the negativity of their wives has an adverse affect on the husband. This is evident when they withdraw from conversations raised by their wives’. As a result, the relationship satisfaction of the wife declines. The couple then undergoes a negative cycle wherein a high degree of negativity from the wife leads to higher degree of withdrawal from the husband (Levine et al, 2005). Infidelity Having an emotional affair is also known as emotional infidelity. Although there is no physical component that might be involved, emotional infidelity is an act wherein a spouse invests love, time, and attention to another person other than their partner. Components of emotional intimacy are present such as sharing, understanding, companion, self-esteem, and close relationships. According to a 2003 study, 57% of women and 44% of husbands revealed that they were emotionally connected to another person without involving intercourse. The study also revealed that women are more prone to emotional infidelity than men (Piercy et al, 2005). Infidelity refers to the â€Å"breach of a contract of sexual exclusivity between two individuals† that is dating, being married, or committed to each other. Recent definitions have expanded to having sexual relationships with another individual aside from the partner. It may also involve cybersex, pornography, physical intimacy, or emotional attachment with another person which jeopardizes the primary relationship. Infidelity may also involve issues which are connected to time, energy, and resources in order to maintain the other relationship (Piercy et al, 2005). According to statistics compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics from the 1980s to the early part of the 1990s, approximately a third of marriages end up as a failure in the first 5 years and about fifty percent to two-thirds results to divorce. Several studies reveal that a marriage which started with love, care, affection, sense of humor, commitment, and optimism usually results to satisfaction. This was reflected in a longitudinal study involving 95 newlywed couples who perceived that the marital bond between partners would stay married or divorced within the first five years of married life (Levine et al, 2005). Effects of Infidelity Emotional infidelity has a significant effect on the lives of couples and families. It transcends in the couple, family, as well as in the social network of the couple. Upon the discovery of the affair, the couple needs to make a decision whether to continue the relationship or part ways. To the offended spouse, they would become angry at their partner for betraying them. Eventually, they would lose their trust in their partner for their deception (Piercy et al, 2005). Aside from anger, the offender spouse may also become suspicious of their partner, having mistrust of the same cheat. They may continuously inquire about the whereabouts of their spouse. In return, the involved spouse may need to report about their activities and may be judged by their partner. Psychologically, emotional infidelity may lead to guilt feelings and loss of self-esteem. The involved spouse may develop the need to protect their partner from being hurt as a result of their deception. Consequently, this may hurt the couples’ chances of working on their relationship. They would develop fear of resolving some difficult issues as well as feeling unsafe communicating with one another (Piercy et al, 2005). Infidelity may also bring about physical effects. The combined factors of stress, agitation, and exhaustion can result to health issues for both partners. Likewise, the involved spouse may place the primary relationship at risk with the threat of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and herpes. Some STDs can be a lifelong suffering which could have a significant impact on the life of the couple and their families (Piercy et al, 2005).

Green Logistic Or Sustainable Logistics Management Environmental Sciences Essay

Green Logistic Or Sustainable Logistics Management Environmental Sciences Essay Logistics is a physical distribution, it is an area of high potential cost savings, improved customer satisfaction and competitive effectiveness. Following are coming under the logistic systems 1) Ware housing 2) Inventory control 3) Materials handling 4) Order processing 5) Transportation. 1. A Definition of the study: A widely accepted definition is the one provided by the council of Supply Chain Management professionals (CSMP. Previously Council of Logistic Management. CLM) in the USA is Logistic is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirement. (P 195) (Business Administration for Students and Managers. Dr. Lawerence Mensah Akwetey 2011. Logistics is concerned with the efficient flow of raw materials of work in process inventory and of finished goods from supplier to customer. In addition to transportation logistics entails inventory control, warehousing, materials handling, order processing and related information activities involved in the flow of products. (Regan et al 2000) Green logistics is a traditional logistics seeks to organize forward distribution that is the transport, warehousing, Packaging and inventory management from the producer to consumer, environmental considerations opened up markets for recycling and disposal and led to the entire new subsector of reverse logistics. The reverse distribution involves the transport of waste and movement of used materials. While the terms reverse logistics is widely used. Other names have been applied such as reverse distribution reverse flow logistics and green logistics (Byne and Deep 1993). Freight transport provides the link in the supply chain between echelons that enable products to be available to the customer in the right place at the right time (Potter and Lalwani 2005) 1. B.Objective of the study: Review and analysis out how the logistic systems affect the environment. In the Green logistics, we have to make ensure the achievement of transport logistics compatible with the environment. The ideas of sustainable development originate from the 1987 Brundtland report (ACE 2004) also known as our common future. This report alerted the world to the urgency of making progress toward economic development that could be sustained without depleting natural resources or harming the environment. Example: Over recent years Irelands per capital have been house gas (GHG) emissions have risen to be one of the highest in Europe. This rise in emission is no small part attribute to the 165 % increase in transport emissions in the period 1990 to 2006.The focus of this study is on the development of environmentally conscious supply chains in Ireland through the studying the harmful impact that logistical activities have on the environment with this in mind the following section will define the Green or Sustainable supply chain and introduce the concept of sustainable logistics. Supply chain management was defined by Christopher (1998) is Supply chain management involves the management of upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole. Supply chains have been shown to high contributors to the carbon footprint of most goods (van Hoek 2001) with Eyefortransportv (2008) claiming that up to 75 % of a companys carbon footprint is derived from supply chain activities. The Green or Sustainable supply chain is an approach which seeks to minimise a product or services ecological footprint (Bearing point 2008). The concept covers all the phases of a products life cycle from the extraction of raw materials through the design, production and distribution phases to the use of the product by consumes and their eventual disposal of same. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious /Green supply chain design. Green Design: Green design can be described as an approach which seeks to reduce a products environmental impact throughout its complete lifecycle through the design of the product. Green sourcing or Green Procurement: It is where environmental criteria are included in the decision making process when sourcing products or services. Green manufacturing: Has the goal of reducing the environmental impact of the manufacturing function in supply chains through the reduction of the environmental impact of the use of materials and energy. Green logistics: Has the aim of meeting cost targets and customer service levels with reduced pollution from the transport, warehousing, inventory management and distribution function in the supply chain. Sustainable logistics is a key element in the development of environmentally conscious/ green supply chain design. Reverse Logistics: It represents all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is vital component of green supply chains providing a means for products/materials to be returned from the user to the producer in order to be recycled, reused or reconditioned. Logistics and the Environment Freight transportation by road is the dominant mode of freight transport in many economies due mainly to the flexibility and speed that the movement of freight by road offers When compared to railway, inland waterway or Sea transport (Mason and Lalwani 2004).This is particularly true for Ireland as 90 % of freight traffic occurs in the road( Ryan et al 2003). In freight transport the burning of petrol and diesel fuels in internal combustion engines leads to the chemical by-product of Nitrous Oxide, Methane and most importantly Carbon Di Oxide. Transport in Ireland is a major contributing factor to Irelands overall emissions accounting for a 20.8 % share of total emissions in 2007, 97% of which is from road transport (EPA 2008) Aronsson (2006) highlighted major source of environmental problems have received during the last decade by transportation. Recommendation: As highlighted by Tenekcioglu (2004) certain mode of transportation such as rail and maritime transport are considered green modes because their effects are less detrimental to the environmental to the environment. These modes produce less pollution, less noise and account for less accident. GLOBAL WARMING The stern (2006) report on climate change outlines that it is now widely accepted that if no action is taken on reducing GHG emissions and in particular carbon Dioxide (co2) emissions that based on current trends in the next 50 years or so 2-3 Celsius increase in global temperature can be predicted causing disastrous effects in the areas of Food sources, water, Health, Land, Environment. For example Ireland National Climate change strategy 2007- 2012 report states that continued emissions of green house gases at or above rates would result climate system over this century than those observed to date. The department of transport Ireland (2009) estimate that over 30 % transport emissions in Ireland come from freight transport. If atmospheric concentration of green house gas had been stabilized at 2000 levels, warming and sea level rise would continue at least until the end of this century due to the time scales associated with climate process and feedback. (Department of the Environment heritage and Local government Ireland 2007) Effects: 1) A temperature increase of 0.2 Celsius per decade for the next two decades with a warming of 1.8 to 4 Celsius by 2100. 2) Global average sea level rise in the ranges 18- 38 cm for the low emissions scenario and 26-59 cm for the high emissions scenario. 3) It is very likely that hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation events will continue to become more frequent and likely that future tropical cyclones will become more intense. 4) Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations lead to increasing acidification of the ocean. Standards, Tools Methodologies for sustainable supply chain management Sustainable supply chain implementation requires standards to allow measurement of environmental impact methodologies and support tools to allow adoption of environment practices. This provides an overview of standards, tools and methodologies for the implementation of sustainable supply chains. Environmental Management system EMS standards have been developed as tools to allow the management of organizations to better identify, manage and control their activities that can impact the environment.EMS standards were developed in the early 1990s in several countries. The standards was approved by the British Standards Institution (BSI) IN 1992 and became a model for the ISO standard 14401, which was elaborated in the years 1991-1996.The European Eco-Management and Audit scheme( EMAS) was adopted in 1993.(EEB 2003). ISO 14000 Specifies a set of measures to be incorporated into a companys management system aimed at dealing with environmental aspects in a systematic way including the following major elements. Definition of an environmental policy including performance objectives Assessment of environmental aspects Identification of legal obligations Establishing an Environmental management programme. Definition of procedures to achieve the objectives Monitoring of the systems and improvement The European EMAS scheme is based on the international standards but contains additional requirement Initial environmental review. Independent verification An accreditation system for verifiers Validated environmental statements Employee involvement Industrial carbon foot printing standards and Methodologies. A carbon footprint is The total set of green house gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual event, organisation, and product expressed as carbon Di Oxide (Carbon Trust 2007) The British standards Institute (BSI) developed the publicly available specification (PAS) 2050 as a method for measuring the embodied GHG emission from goods and services. Conclusion and Recommendations: Tackling waste in Freight transport. Lean supply chain management is a technique that analyses ways to eliminate wastes in the production process thus increasing efficiency. In supply chain management Mason and Lalwani (2006) identify some hidden wastes in transport and logistics management which eventually have to be paid for by supply chain customers. These wastes includes Slow vehicle turnaround times Low back haul levels Low fill rates Duplicated administration Poor fleet utilisation. If we avoid all those things we can maintain the sustainable logistics without damage the environment or with minimum damage of the environment.

Stephen King Essay -- Biography

Stephen King is known by many as a successful author, but every author is only as good as his or her works. King has produced various types of works such as short stories, novels, novellas, screenplays, and comics. His work has been the â€Å"most important bridge between the horror genre and literary respectability from the late 1960s and 1970s up to the present time† (Hoppenstand 3). Stephen Edwin King was born September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine. He is the second son of Donald Edwin and Nellie Ruth King. When King was two years old, his father, a captain in the merchant marines, went out to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned. Nellie, King’s mother, raised King and his adopted older brother David. The family under the care of Nellie experienced many hardships and moved often as she looked for work. The family lived in Maine, Massachusetts, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. When King was six years old, the family finally settled in Stratford, Connecticut (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). In 1958, when King was eleven years old, the family moved to Durham, Maine. This was where King discovered that he had something in common with his father. In the attic of his aunt and uncle’s garage he discovered an old trunk that contained a box of his father’s books, including some by horror writer H.P. Lovecraft, and some of his father’s attempts as writing short stories. King’s teachers reported that one of his greatest passions was writing stories of his own, which he started doing at age six (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). Stephen King’s life has influenced his works and served as an important source of inspiration, which is evident in his education and early writing experiences, his pseudonym Richard Bachman, and his near-fatal acc... ...hard Bachman, but it’s not true. I know him and I believe he lives in Connecticut†; â€Å" I am not Richard Bachman, I know who he is, and I can’t tell†; †Bachman is indeed a pen-name, for a superannuated hippie-type who lives in New Hampshire. I know who he is, and tell you with no qualms at all that he is authentically crazy† (Wood 148). King credits the name for his pseudonym to a book by Richard Matheson that was on his desk and Bachman-Turner Overdrive that was playing on the radio when his publisher called to ask what pseudonym he wanted to use (Wood 148). King has become familiar even to those who have not read any of his works. Although he tries to maintain a degree of privacy for himself and his family he does have a high public profile. King was in the news in 1999 when he was struck by a van while out for his daily walk and suffered near-fatal injuries. Stephen King Essay -- Biography Stephen King is known by many as a successful author, but every author is only as good as his or her works. King has produced various types of works such as short stories, novels, novellas, screenplays, and comics. His work has been the â€Å"most important bridge between the horror genre and literary respectability from the late 1960s and 1970s up to the present time† (Hoppenstand 3). Stephen Edwin King was born September 21, 1947 in Portland, Maine. He is the second son of Donald Edwin and Nellie Ruth King. When King was two years old, his father, a captain in the merchant marines, went out to buy a pack of cigarettes and never returned. Nellie, King’s mother, raised King and his adopted older brother David. The family under the care of Nellie experienced many hardships and moved often as she looked for work. The family lived in Maine, Massachusetts, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. When King was six years old, the family finally settled in Stratford, Connecticut (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). In 1958, when King was eleven years old, the family moved to Durham, Maine. This was where King discovered that he had something in common with his father. In the attic of his aunt and uncle’s garage he discovered an old trunk that contained a box of his father’s books, including some by horror writer H.P. Lovecraft, and some of his father’s attempts as writing short stories. King’s teachers reported that one of his greatest passions was writing stories of his own, which he started doing at age six (Hoppenstand 8; Stephen King). Stephen King’s life has influenced his works and served as an important source of inspiration, which is evident in his education and early writing experiences, his pseudonym Richard Bachman, and his near-fatal acc... ...hard Bachman, but it’s not true. I know him and I believe he lives in Connecticut†; â€Å" I am not Richard Bachman, I know who he is, and I can’t tell†; †Bachman is indeed a pen-name, for a superannuated hippie-type who lives in New Hampshire. I know who he is, and tell you with no qualms at all that he is authentically crazy† (Wood 148). King credits the name for his pseudonym to a book by Richard Matheson that was on his desk and Bachman-Turner Overdrive that was playing on the radio when his publisher called to ask what pseudonym he wanted to use (Wood 148). King has become familiar even to those who have not read any of his works. Although he tries to maintain a degree of privacy for himself and his family he does have a high public profile. King was in the news in 1999 when he was struck by a van while out for his daily walk and suffered near-fatal injuries.

Descriptive Essay -The Dump -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

The Dump       My mom and I were cleaning up our attic this weekend, and in the process I found all sorts of old junk that I had forgotten about. Of course, I wanted to keep everything I saw; otherwise, I would not have stashed it there in the first place. But after standing over me and prying my hands off of every item that I encountered, my mom finally convinced me to haul all of my broken treasures to the Dump. I wince at the thought of having to brave the ever-present gloom that reigns there. The Dump is a strange and repulsive place, where people tend to bury the human spirit along with their refuse. From the main road, the Dump looked like a prison. The perimeter was surrounded by an eight-foot chain-link with barbed-wire stretched tightly around the top of it. As I followed the slow procession of vehicles through the front gate, I noticed a man peeking through the blinds of a dirty office building. The building's tan exterior was peeling away, probably as a result of prolonged exposure to the toxic environment. Up on a hill overshadowing ...

New Technology Essay -- Cause Effect Technological Computers Essays

New Technology In my research, I am focusing on the new technology dealing with computers. This technology includes CD writers, DVD players, digital cameras, and cable modems. I will describe each technology and then how it will effect today’s society. Technology is the way of the world now, so improving technology helps to improve the society. CD writers are the wave of the future. What is a CD writer one may ask? A CD writer is simply a technology device that allow one to record information onto a CD and then the CD is used for storage instead of using the hard drive. Why would you want something that records CDs? CD-RWs are a great storage device. You can create valuable backup volumes for your important files and programs, share your work with friends and colleagues in an easy-to-manage and familiar format, and make mixed audio CDs from CDs in your personal collection or even from old tapes and vinyl. How much does something like this cost? Below you will find a chart showing different CD writers available, the cost, and other valuable information. CD writers are not for everybody, but they are worth checking into. Another new technological device for computers is the DVD player. DVD stands for digital video drive. Recall that VCR sitting in your den? VCRs are quickly diminishing as DVD players are beginning to take over. Why the DVD player? A DVD player has better graphics then does a VCR. The DVD also takes up less space then videotapes since they are on a CD. With the DVD player, one can play games or simply watch movies from their very own computer. Prices for DVD players vary depending upon brand, speed, and other determining factors. DVD players range between $179.94 to $1,299.95. As well as DVD players for the computer, DVD players for the TV are becoming available. Some people will want a DVD player for their computer while others will want it for their TV and still others will stick with their VCRs for the time being. Below you will find a list of available DVD players and their cost. Oritron-DVD player PYD200 $179.94 Toshiba-DVD player RC522OP $249.94 GE –DVD player GE11059 $199.94 JVC-DVD Changer XVM555BK $349.95 CABLE MODEMS--Wave of the Future? If you think about the future, what is the first thing that comes to mind? Well, in the minds of most people the word compu... ...ia of professional cameras, film is still cheaper. They are light and portable and don't require a computer on constant standby. Now that you have seen the advantages and disadvantages of film and digital, do not take on a solid opinion. Each have their own benefits, different applications can benefit from one of the two main kinds of cameras. As said before, entry level digital cameras are most practical from high use applications where resolution is not a big issue. Professional digital cameras are probably most practical for a professional photographer who need instantly processed images cheaply and on a computer. Film allows more unspecialized people like the common shutter bug or family member who wants to store good memories. To conclude this presentation, digital cameras will become as cheap and as good as film cameras are right now. The keyword is eventually. Digital cameras still have a long way to go before they can seriously rival film. Computer Technology will keep affecting our lives in many ways. Such technological advances will be better than others. But it will all affect us in one way or another. Also such advances in technology will revolutionize the future.

Effect of the Nature of Different Substrates on the Rate

Cellular respiration is defined as an enzyme mediated process in which organic compounds such as glucose is broken down into simpler products with the release of energy (Duka, Diaz and Villa, 2009). It is a series of metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation of substrates, such as glucose, is a fundamental part of cellular respiration (Mader, 2009). As a catabolic process, it may or may not require the presence of oxygen. The process that requires oxygen is called aerobic respiration while the process that does not require the presence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. Duka, et. al. 2007) Despite of its low yield of only two ATP (energy used by the cells to perform its duties), anaerobic respiration is essential because it continuously synthesizes ATP albeit oxygen is temporarily in short supply. Although anaerobic respiration synthesizes a low yield of ATP (which is the energy used by the cell enables it to perform its duties), it is essential because it is a way to produce ATP even though oxygen is temporarily in short supply. Though this process brings benefits usually, these are accompanied by drawbacks.One of these downsides is the formation of lactate in the muscles because of â€Å"oxygen debt†, causing it to â€Å"burn† and eventually fatigue, until pyruvate is reduced from lactate (Madur, 2009). Anaerobic respiration can be further divided into two types; namely, alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate (product of glucose in glycolysis) is converted to 2 molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) while in lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly into lactic acid (Campbell and Reece, 2008).A good example of organism which produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of alcohol fermentation is yeast (Madur, 2009). As a unicellular fungus, yeast is also an example of a facultative anaerobe, which depicts an o rganism with metabolic versatility to harvest food energy by either respiration or fermentation (Campbell and Reece, 2001). Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), is an important example of yeast for its practical uses and applications in the industry.The cells release carbon dioxide which leavens the dough that is used to make bread or crackers. The ethyl alcohol produced by fermenting yeast evaporates during baking. Saccharomyces also ferments sugars to alcohol. Wine is produced then yeasts ferment the carbohydrates of fruits, while beer is resulted from the fermentation of grains. Furthermore, the carbon dioxide produced explains why beer and champagne are bubbly when opened (Madur, 2009). As enzymes are needed to be activated in cellular respiration, several factors can affect cellular respiration.These factors are namely; the presence of co-factors, temperature, and substrate concentration. Cofactors are required by the enzymes so as to activate them, thus, speeding u p the rate of the reaction. Also, the temperature affects the rate of the reaction in cellular respiration in a way that if the temperature increases, enzyme activity also increases. Lastly, if the substrate concentration is increased, enzyme activity is also increased because as more substrate molecules fill active sites, more product results per unit time. Madur, 2009) A substrate may be defined as the fuel of cellular respiration, wherein it is the organic substance broken down to generate energy. Macromolecules such as carbohydrates, fats, or proteins may serve as substrates. However, in yeast, carbohydrates are opted primarily as substrates. Carbohydrates may be classifies according to the number of sugars or its complexity such as monosaccharaides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (Duka, et. al. , 2009).In order to formulate a hypothesis regarding cellular respiration, yeast was used as the tested substance in the absence of oxygen or anaerobically. Factors such as temperatur e, substrate concentration and also the amount of distilled water were held constant. The nature of substrate, however, was altered and different substrates were used for the experimentation. Therefore, a hypothesis was formed that if the nature of different substrates affect the rate of cellular respiration in yeast, then the simpler the substrate, the faster the rate of cellular respiration.The effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast can be further studied and examined using the Smith fermentation tube method wherein different substrates were used with the constant amount of concentration, distilled water and yeast suspension. Starch (polysaccharide), lactose and sucrose (disaccharide), glucose and fructose (monosaccharide), and distilled water, which are the variable factors, were used as different substrates, because they differ in structure and nature.The study was designed to determine the effect of the nature of different subs trates on the cellular respiration of yeast. The chief objectives were: 1. to describe the effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast; 2. to expound the possible explanations and concepts behind the observed effect of the nature of different substrates on the rate of cellular respiration of yeast; and 3. to determine the significance of using different substrates. The study was conducted at the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, last September 12, 2011.

Teen Pregnancy

On aver hop on, 700 girls be impregnated t verbo ecstasy ensemble(prenominal) year in The Bahamas. Twenty per centum of these immature m separates discombobulate another kidskin while they be pacify in their pueriles according to the president of the PACE Foundation, Sonia Brown. We atomic number 18 urging citizens to take a housestill and educate our nestlingren approximately contraceptives and the irresponsibility and neediness of cognition that leads to puerile motherliness. Most juveniles that put unmatchable across pip-squeakren find it harder to revision by reversal a persona of the work force because their condemnation is much(prenominal) focused on their baby bird.They be little prep atomic number 18d to inaugurate the working universe of discourse because they ar ill prep bed ascribable to being forced to be adults at a green age. Thus, not end instill in well-nigh instances. When they defer the Job market these striplingageds need ai d with day cargon and other service that they atomic number 18 a large(p) deal unable to submit to payable to their minimum wage Jobs that they tho qualify for. Unplanned puerile pregnancies domiciliate lead to higher high condition drop come come to the fore rank, higher rank of single p benthood, and forbidding scores in math and reading. checkerping recent maternal quality requires a hands-on inter- ag classify communication mingled with parents and hildren, a good procreational assembleation, and unbiased resources. The COB Gazette is bell ringing for *T distri onlyivelying finish Education to peak young motherliness G everywherenment officials c all in all option that their efforts to fght striplingagedage gestation period is that they already accept parenthood sessions in regimen indoctrinates only those are not effective sufficient because we still fool a too hulking number of jejune pregnancies in The Bahamas immediately. enkindle t raining starts in the home as well.Parents should suffer introducing the subject of puberty and wake up with their children at around age 5. At irst these p wretchedions are much(prenominal) based on the relationships between the genderual activityes. Schools too t apiece youngs roughly the chances and effects of juvenile pregnancies, though the attack go come forth depend on individually school date. juveniles overhear hormones raging through their bodies and oft metres misunder contain how these hormones affect their choices nearly off the hook(predicate) trip. Implementing a parenting class to become a go of the curriculum in Bahamian schools will help t from all(prenominal) one girls virtually the dedication and time it takes to be a puerile mother.The class should also admit less(prenominal)(prenominal)ons on different ypes of contraceptives and collect visit methods. *Providing Resources to Prevent In addition to instruct teens ab tabu teenage mo therliness, parents and school systems should ply a list of resources for teens that are contemplating having internal urge. These resources of decennium dollar bill admit phone numbers to local anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic support assorts and locations where teens shtup pick up free soundtys. Some school systems thunder mug even choose to hand out condoms as dissipate of their unspoiled energise serve. *Birth Control and immature Pregnancies jejune girls piece of tail be placed on birth regard to stop teenage pregnancies.This does not mean cozy didactics is no longer needed. Birth hold up and condoms may prevent teenage pregnancies nevertheless they will not stop the transmittance of familiarly transmitted sicknesss like HIV, pox and gonorrhea. When choosing birth condition, parents and teens nonplus options. at that place are daily, monthly and tri-monthly birth assure solutions. routine birth suss out pills are the approximately common utili zed by teen girls trying to prevent pregnancy. The pills need to be taken at the same time every day, however, which female genitals be herculean for just just nigh teen girls to remember.Parents basin wrangle birth moderate options with the family physician or gynecologist. The solutions proposed should be giganticly considered by the political sympathies and schools, as they would pose to be keen options in helping our teenage girls. Although the pregnancy rate amongst teens has decreased by both portion over the last ten days, PACE still enrolls 100 to one hundred fifty expectant teens a year. The age group mostly affected by this pestilential are girls ages 14 to 15. We should be qualification moves to encourage our young girls to make smarter choices.adolescent motherhoodOn sightly, 700 girls are impregnated each year in The Bahamas. Twenty pct of these teen mothers bedevil another child while they are still in their teens according to the president of the PACE Foundation, Sonia Brown. We are urging citizens to take a stand and educate our children astir(predicate) contraceptives and the irresponsibility and deprivation of knowledge that leads to teenage pregnancy. Most teens that retain children find it harder to become a part of the work force because their time is more focused on their child.They are less prepared to accede the working humankind because they are ill prepared overdue to being forced to be adults at a young age. Thus, not finish school in most instances. When they enter the Job market these teens need attention with day care and other operate that they are a good deal unable to pass due to their minimum wage Jobs that they further qualify for. Unplanned teenage pregnancies can lead to higher high school dropout rates, higher rates of single parenthood, and enceinte scores in math and reading. infractping teenage pregnancy requires a hands-on connexion between parents and hildren, a good facts of lifeal foundation, and unbiased resources. The COB Gazette is campaign for *Teaching waken Education to Stop jejune Pregnancy Government officials use up that their efforts to fght teenage pregnancy is that they already have parenthood sessions in judicature schools that those are not effective bountiful because we still have a astronomic number of teenage pregnancies in The Bahamas today. Sex education starts in the home as well.Parents should begin introducing the subject of puberty and call down with their children at around age 5. At irst these converseions are more based on the relationships between the awakenes. Schools also teach teens or so the chances and effects of teenage pregnancies, though the versed climax will depend on each school. Teens have hormones raging through their bodies and oft misunderstand how these hormones affect their choices about safe kindle. Implementing a parenting class to become a part of the curriculum in Bahamian schools will help teac h girls about the dedication and time it takes to be a teenage mother.The class should also include lessons on different ypes of contraceptives and birth constraint methods. *Providing Resources to Prevent In addition to didactics teens about teenage pregnancy, parents and school systems should reserve a list of resources for teens that are contemplating having sexual activity. These resources a lot include phone numbers to local support groups and locations where teens can pick up free condoms. Some school systems can even choose to hand out condoms as part of their safe sex services. *Birth Control and Teen Pregnancies Teenage girls can be placed on birth control to stop teenage pregnancies.This does not mean familiar education is no longer needed. Birth control and condoms may prevent teenage pregnancies meet they will not stop the transmittance of cozyly transmitted diseases like HIV, lues and gonorrhea. When choosing birth control, parents and teens have options. a t that place are daily, monthly and tri-monthly birth control solutions. day by day birth control pills are the most common utilized by teen girls trying to prevent pregnancy. The pills need to be taken at the same time every day, however, which can be onerous for some teen girls to remember.Parents can discuss birth control options with the family physician or gynecologist. The solutions proposed should be greatly considered by the government and schools, as they would pose to be great options in helping our teenage girls. Although the pregnancy rate amongst teens has decreased by dickens part over the last ten years, PACE still enrolls 100 to cl pregnant teens a year. The age group mostly affected by this pandemic are girls ages 14 to 15. We should be reservation moves to encourage our young girls to make smarter choices.Teen PregnancyTeen pregnancy is a maturation epidemic in the joined States. Teen girls are beseeming pregnant at an alarming rate, with a lot of the pre gnancies planned. With television shows broadcasting shows such(prenominal) as 16 and Pregnant and Teen mammary gland, it is giving teenage girls the idea that it is okay to have premarital sex and become pregnant. It is in a way con come ining teen pregnancy. I am interested in discussing teen pregnancy and the options that are out on that point for the teens who find themselves in this space.I dont estimate tolerable is being done to educate or prepare these teens about how their hots will change in the event of pregnancy. I am especially interested in this issue, because I found myself in this very location when I was just seventeen years old. I made the decision that was surpass for me at the time, save wasnt given over all the support I think I needed. I didnt have anyone to talk to who was going through what I was at the time. I think that teenagers wanting(p) to grow up too fast, friction match pressure and television, both reality and fiction, all play a huge vo ice in this problem.I think the make out to probably not solving this problem, plainly hopefully disgraceing the number of teen pregnancies is to better educate our teenage population. each(prenominal) in all, I would like to reveal teens better educated on teen pregnancy. Also to let them know if that is the situation they find themselves in, that there are options out there for them to choose from. There is mortal for them to talk to and confide in about what they are feeling and how they want to proceed.There have been numerous surveys of adolescent sexual behavior, moreover their results have very much been inconsistent. There is, however, general agreement about one point Young muckle are having sex at an earlier age than they did a century ago. Although this change is just one part of an overall way toward more liberal sexual attitudes and behaviors, it poses some special problems. In the erotically supercharged atmosphere of todays society, young people are often mazed about how to deal with their own sexual urge.They exit the overwhelming importance given to sexual attr nimbleness in the media-one con estimated that the average teenager ahs witnessed nearly 14,000 sexual encounters on television- yet they also hear their parents and spiritual advisers promulgateing them that sex is wrong. As a result, many young people begin having sex without really intending to and without taking precautions against pregnancy. In the last decade or so, however, the growing awareness of the dangers of AIDS does appear to have contributed to a decline in the rates of sexual intercourse among teens.The Youth endangerment Behavior look found that between 1991 and 2005 the per centumage of teenagers who are sexually vigorous dropped from 57. 4 percent to 46. 3 percent among males and from 50. 8 percent to 44. 9 percent among females. The rates of pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted disease among teens have actually dropped even sudden than t he rate of sexual activity. So it appears that, in addition to postponing sex, teens are also becoming more responsible in their sexual activities. For example, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that 87. percent of teens were either abstentious or used condoms.Of course, that means that 12. 5 percent of teens were still having open sex, but that is a significant improvement over past decades. Similarly, although the rate of teen pregnancy has declined, more than 11 percent of the babies natural in the United States are still natural to teenage mothers. Of sexually fighting(a) teens, 63 percent reported apply a condom during their last intercourse, and 17 percent say they used ad-lib contraceptives, but that still means that 20 percent of sexually active teens had no effective protection against pregnancy.Why dont more sexually active teenagers use contraceptives? In some cases, they may actually want to have a child, but most teenage pregnancies are accidental. Many teenag ers are simply unintentional about sexual matters and believe such myths as You cant gain pregnant the first time or You wont get pregnant if you only have sex at one time in a while. Teenagers are also influenced by parents and religious leaders who tell them to abstain not only from having sex but also from development birth control.Although birth control requires planning and forethought, it is gentle to be swept into an unplanned sexual encounter in the heat of passion. Moreover, some teenagers feel that planning a sexual encounter is immoral but that if they are caught up in the heat of the here and now and unable to stop, they cant be blamed for their actions. Finally, teenagers often do not know how to get birth control devices or are afraid that their parents will get angry if they do.Teen PregnancySubjectArgumentative Synthesis enquiry Paper Sheltering the youth from birth control does not decrease the percentage of teen pregnancy but it fact helps tiro naked sex. The increment in teen pregnancy is due to, inadequate sexual education available to adolescents, pretermit of knowledge and resources for birth control, and the milieu the individual grew up around. Research Questions Does providing adolescents with birth control increase teen pregnancy 1 Is there profuse information on the consequences of unprotected sex easily accessible to todays youth 2 Is the environs a teen lives in a factor of getting pregnant at a young age 3 Are parents willing to inform their child(ren) about the consequences about unprotected sex 4 Are parents more excepting about their child having sex if they know they are using protection 5 How does having condoms at light access for teens result in unprotected sex Sources ttp//www. solutionsforamerica. org/healthyfam/teenage-pregnancy. html http//www. escrh. eu/about-esc/ intelligence activity/young-people-report-high- takes-unprotected-sex-and-barriers-affecting-their-right-ob http//healthpsych. psy. vanderbilt . edu/condomConumdrum. htm * Write a brief separate here Three Supports for Thesis control * Teenage pregnancy and birth rates both dropped in the 1990s among all racial and ethnic groups.Increased use of contraceptives and increase abstinence * Teenage pregnancy is relate to several jeopardize factors including being poor, musical accompaniment in a single-parent household, child disgust, and regretful behaviors such as drug abuse and early or unprotected sex * On average, only half of young people surveyed across Europe (55%) receive sex education in school compared to three quarters across Latin America (78%), Asia Pacific (76%) and the USA (74%) Arguments and Rebuttals * With the sonant access of condoms there is more risk for teen pregnancy * Some arbitrary aspects of providing condoms included that providing ondoms could reduce incidence of unwanted, teenage pregnancy and the spread of STDs. Secondly, a universal sex education program including condom provision acce pts the inevitability of adolescent sex and encourages students to make wise, safe decisions if they do have sex. * There is enough sexual education available to the adolescents in our society * comprehensive health education or sexuality education that includes information on contraceptive method this may delay sexual elicitation and increase contraceptive use.Youth development programs that include sex education along with other activities such as, volunteering, mentoring, and job training are associated with delayed first sex and lower teenage pregnancy rates * The environment that an adolescent is exposed to has nothing to do with the outcome of teen pregnancy * It was found in a study by the American Medical Association that Teens who live in neighborhoods that have high levels of poverty, low levels of education, and high residential turnover are at a higher risk for teen pregnancy(AMA,7).A similar study found that family factors also contribute to the emanation rate of tee n pregnancy. These include the income level of the family, as well as the family structure. Teens that were born to teenage parents are also more likely to become teenage parents themselves persona Page Reising, Michelle. Condom Conundrum Should Condoms be Available in Schools?. Health psychology Home Page. Ed. David Schlundt. Vanderbilt University, n. . Web. 15 Nov. 2011. . Teenage Pregnancy Prevention. Solutions For America. Healthy Families and Children, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. . Young people report high levels of unprotected sex and barriers affecting their right to obtain authentic information about sex andTeen PregnancyOn average, 700 girls are impregnated each year in The Bahamas. Twenty percent of these teen mothers have another child while they are still in their teens according to the president of the PACE Foundation, Sonia Brown. We are urging citizens to take a stand and educate our children about contraceptives and the irresponsibility and lack of knowledge that l eads to teenage pregnancy. Most teens that have children find it harder to become a part of the work force because their time is more focused on their child.They are less prepared to enter the working military personnel because they are ill prepared due to being forced to be adults at a young age. Thus, not complementary school in most instances. When they enter the Job market these teens need assistance with day care and other services that they are often unable to leave due to their minimum wage Jobs that they moreover qualify for. Unplanned teenage pregnancies can lead to higher high school dropout rates, higher rates of single parenthood, and glowering scores in math and reading.Stopping teenage pregnancy requires a hands-on federation between parents and hildren, a good educational foundation, and unbiased resources. The COB Gazette is candidature for *Teaching Sex Education to Stop Teenage Pregnancy Government officials assert that their efforts to fght teenage pregnan cy is that they already have parenthood sessions in government schools but those are not effective enough because we still have a large number of teenage pregnancies in The Bahamas today. Sex education starts in the home as well.Parents should begin introducing the subject of puberty and sex with their children at around age 5. At irst these discussions are more based on the relationships between the sexes. Schools also teach teens about the chances and effects of teenage pregnancies, though the access will depend on each school. Teens have hormones raging through their bodies and often misunderstand how these hormones affect their choices about safe sex. Implementing a parenting class to become a part of the curriculum in Bahamian schools will help teach girls about the dedication and time it takes to be a teenage mother.The class should also include lessons on different ypes of contraceptives and birth control methods. *Providing Resources to Prevent In addition to program line teens about teenage pregnancy, parents and school systems should brook a list of resources for teens that are contemplating having sex. These resources often include phone numbers to local support groups and locations where teens can pick up free condoms. Some school systems can even choose to hand out condoms as part of their safe sex services. *Birth Control and Teen Pregnancies Teenage girls can be placed on birth control to stop teenage pregnancies.This does not mean sexual education is no longer needed. Birth control and condoms may prevent teenage pregnancies but they will not stop the contagious disease of sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, lues venerea and gonorrhea. When choosing birth control, parents and teens have options. There are daily, monthly and tri-monthly birth control solutions. day-after-day birth control pills are the most common utilized by teen girls trying to prevent pregnancy. The pills need to be taken at the same time every day, however, which c an be toilsome for some teen girls to remember.Parents can discuss birth control options with the family physician or gynecologist. The solutions proposed should be greatly considered by the government and schools, as they would pose to be great options in helping our teenage girls. Although the pregnancy rate amongst teens has decreased by ii percent over the last ten years, PACE still enrolls 100 to one hundred fifty pregnant teens a year. The age group mostly affected by this epidemic are girls ages 14 to 15. We should be making moves to encourage our young girls to make smarter choices.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.